{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:20:50Z","timestamp":1792027250826,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The 2017 Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines endorse a focus on the rapidity of treatment once sepsis has been identified, with a strong recommendation for the administration of antimicrobial drugs within one hour; however, the quality of the supporting evidence is evaluated as moderate. This study was conducted for six months prospectively at a single center in an intensive care unit (ICU) from March 2020 to August 2020. All the patients, regardless of their age and gender, admitted into ICU who had their first episode of sepsis or septic shock concomitantly started on a broad-spectrum antibiotic given intravenously. For patients who had multiple episodes of sepsis throughout the study period, data from the very first episode of the sepsis were included in this study. Of all the 78 patients, only 38 (48.7%) received the antibiotics prescribed within an hour. The compliance rate as per the Surviving Sepsis Campaign was only 51.3%, which accounted for 40 patients. The overall survival rate was 60.3%. This study revealed that delayed antibiotics administration (more than an hour) significantly affects mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11091202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T20:48:25Z","timestamp":1662410905000},"page":"1202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Impact of Antibiotics Administration on Mortality for Time in Sepsis and Septic Shock Patients including Possible Reasons for Delayed Administration in Malaysia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7304-7569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann L.","family":"Arulappen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Hospital Seberang Jaya, Ministry of Health, Seberang Jaya 13700, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Danial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Hospital Seberang Jaya, Ministry of Health, Seberang Jaya 13700, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling Wei","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Seberang Jaya, Ministry of Health, Seberang Jaya 13700, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jui Chang","family":"Teoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Seberang Jaya, Ministry of Health, Seberang Jaya 13700, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Patterson, B. (2022, July 27). How Important is the Timing of Antibiotics for Surviving Sepsis?. Infectious Disease Advisor, Available online: https:\/\/www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com\/home\/topics\/sepsis\/how-important-is-the-timing-of-antibiotics-for-surviving-sepsis\/."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002255","article-title":"Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock","volume":"45","author":"Rhodes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.7885","article-title":"Septic shock: Advances in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"314","author":"Seymour","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208623","article-title":"Severe sepsis and septic shock","volume":"369","author":"Angus","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001142","article-title":"The Impact of Timing of Antibiotics on Outcomes in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Sterling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000217961.75225.E9","article-title":"Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock","volume":"34","author":"Kumar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201609-1848OC","article-title":"The Timing of Early Antibiotics and Hospital Mortality in Sepsis","volume":"96","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4782-4","article-title":"Effect of a multifaceted educational intervention for anti-infectious measures on sepsis mortality: A cluster randomized trial","volume":"43","author":"Bloos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensiv. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2644-x","article-title":"Implementation of earlier antibiotic administration in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock in Japan: A descriptive analysis of a prospective observational study","volume":"23","author":"Abe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.6.1644","article-title":"Definitions for Sepsis and Organ Failure and Guidelines for the Use of Innovative Therapies in Sepsis","volume":"101","author":"Bone","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"}],"container-title":["Antibiotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/11\/9\/1202\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:23:56Z","timestamp":1760142236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/11\/9\/1202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["antibiotics11091202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics11091202","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]}}}