{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:50:24Z","timestamp":1793332224214,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital","award":["KSVGH110-095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSVGH110-095"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital","award":["KSVGH111-161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSVGH111-161"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital","award":["MOST 111-2314-B-075B-012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2314-B-075B-012"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["KSVGH110-095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSVGH110-095"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["KSVGH111-161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSVGH111-161"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["MOST 111-2314-B-075B-012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2314-B-075B-012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The delayed treatment of pediatric periorbital cellulitis may have severe consequences. In addition, the antibiotic efficacy against causative bacteria may change over time, and it is important to understand the appropriate antibiotic options for effective treatment in pediatric patients. We compared the changes in cultured bacteria and drug susceptibility tests between two decades, 2010\u20132019 and 2000\u20132009, to establish antibiotics for empirical use. The patient characteristics, etiologies, culture sites, and isolated bacteria, and the antibiotic susceptibility tests of the admitted pediatric patients (n = 207) diagnosed with preseptal and orbital cellulitis during 2000 to 2019, were recorded. Insect\/animal bites (p = 0.084) showed an increasing trend, and sinusitis (p = 0.016) showed a significant decrease in the past decades. The most common bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections increased in recent decades (p = 0.01). Moreover, we found that vancomycin was ideal for MRSA infections. The decreasing efficacy of oxacillin correlates with the increasing proportion of MRSA in pediatric periorbital cellulitis. Our study thus offers antibiotic choices against the most common isolates that can be administered before culture results are available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11101288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T21:22:23Z","timestamp":1663795343000},"page":"1288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Antibiotic Choices for Pediatric Periorbital Cellulitis\u2014A 20-Year Retrospective Study from Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"En-Jie","family":"Shih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jui-Kuang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Jhen","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muh-Chiou","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7020-5296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youn-Shen","family":"Bee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Optometry, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 82144, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15179","article-title":"Paediatric periorbital cellulitis: A 10-year retrospective case series review","volume":"57","author":"Murphy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Paediatr. 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