{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T17:25:09Z","timestamp":1793813109786,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFC1605703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC1605703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22193064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22193064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2019YFC1605703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC1605703"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22193064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22193064"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibiotics, especially fluoroquinolones, have been exhaustively used in animal husbandry. However, very limited information on the occurrence and exposure assessment of fluoroquinolone residues in chicken and pork in China is available to date. Thus, a total of 1754 chicken samples and 1712 pork samples were collected from 25 provinces in China and tested by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC\u2013MS\/MS) for residual determination of six common fluoroquinolones. The results revealed that the detection frequencies of fluoroquinolone residues were 3.99% and 1.69% in chicken and pork samples. The overall violation frequencies were 0.68% and 0.41% for chicken and pork. Enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin were found to be the most predominant fluoroquinolones. The occurrence of these antibiotics in different sampling regions and market types was analyzed. The %ADI values of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were far less than 100, indicating the health risk associated with the exposure to these aforementioned fluoroquinolone residues via chicken and pork for Chinese children, adolescents, and adults was acceptable. The results provided useful references for Chinese consumers, and helped to appropriately use these antibiotics in poultry and livestock industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11101292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T21:10:05Z","timestamp":1663881005000},"page":"1292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Fluoroquinolone Residues in Chicken and Pork in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Zhixin","family":"Fei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shufeng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3484-4362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingguo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dajin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, Y., Zhao, H., Sun, L., Cui, J., Liu, J., Tang, Q., Du, F., Liu, X., and Yao, D. 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