{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T15:07:20Z","timestamp":1789225640303,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fosfomycin is currently a viable option against urinary tract infections, particularly against extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBL)-producing E. coli, due to its unique mechanism of action and its low resistance among bacteria. The objective of this study was to investigate two of the three most common mechanisms of resistance against this antibiotic among 350 ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from the urine of Mexican patients. The prevalence of fosfomycin resistance in our study was 10.9% (38\/350). Of all resistant isolates analyzed, 23 (60.5%) were identified as fos-producing organisms, with 14 strains carrying fosA3 and 9, fosA1. Additionally, 11 (28.9%) fosfomycin-resistant isolates presented resistance due to impaired antibiotic transport and 8 (21.0%) both mechanisms. No resistance mechanism investigated in the study was found on 12 strains. All 38 confirmed ESBL-producing isolates carried a blaCTX-M subtype, 36 (94.5%) belonged to the O25b-ST131 clone, and all of them were able to transfer the fosfomycin resistance trait to recipient strains horizontally. This is the first study in Mexico demonstrating a plasmid-mediated fosfomycin resistance mechanism among clinical E. coli strains. Since our results suggest a strong association among fos and blaCTX-M genes and ST131 clones in uropathogenic E. coli, plasmid-mediated fosfomycin resistance should be closely monitored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11101383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T20:49:31Z","timestamp":1665348571000},"page":"1383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Emergence of Fosfomycin Resistance by Plasmid-Mediated fos Genes in Uropathogenic ESBL-Producing E. coli Isolates in Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6485-3390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Galindo-M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorios Galindo SC, Department of Microbiology, Oaxaca 68000, Mexico"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad An\u00e1huac Oaxaca, San Raymundo Jalpan 71248, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4654-7530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Humberto","family":"Navarrete-Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad An\u00e1huac Oaxaca, San Raymundo Jalpan 71248, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Baltazar-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad An\u00e1huac Oaxaca, San Raymundo Jalpan 71248, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0192-9618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-de la Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad An\u00e1huac Oaxaca, San Raymundo Jalpan 71248, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3261-6622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Fernanda","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Mawcinitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad An\u00e1huac Oaxaca, San Raymundo Jalpan 71248, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"G\u00f3mez-Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General Balbuena, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 15970, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5831-9661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvira","family":"Garza-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Dr. Jos\u00e9 E. Gonz\u00e1lez, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2640-2916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Alfredo","family":"Ponce-de-Le\u00f3n-Gardu\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1574-1138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Franco-Cendejas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n Luis Guillermo Ibarra, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9576-1950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rayo","family":"Morf\u00edn-Otero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Civil de Guadalajara e Instituto de Patolog\u00eda Infecciosa, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1744-9173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabi\u00e1n","family":"Rojas-Larios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Regional Universitario de Colima, Colima 28085, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Mena-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General de Zona 21 Tepatitl\u00e1n De Morelos, Centro Universitario de los Altos (CUALTOS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitl\u00e1n de Morelos 47620, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia Teresita","family":"Morales-de-la-Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General con Especialidades Juan Mar\u00eda de Salvatierra, La Paz 23085, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Garc\u00eda-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Angeles Valle Oriente, San Pedro Garza Garc\u00eda 66260, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena Victoria","family":"Choy-Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General de Zona No. 1, Tapachula 30700, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Karina","family":"Avil\u00e9s-Ben\u00edtez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Infantil de Morelia, Morelia 58000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7739-1500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"L\u00f3pez-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, San Bartolo Coyotepec 71256, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge Luis","family":"Canizales-Oviedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Pueblo Nuevo, Centro Universitario de Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Monterrey 66455, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0196-8868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicol\u00e1s Eric","family":"Barlandas-Rend\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Bioclin, Chilpancingo 39000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyarib Yanelli","family":"Maldonado-Anicacio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital general de Chilpancingo, Chilpancingo 39019, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina Aracely","family":"Rosales-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Especialidades pedi\u00e1trico de Le\u00f3n, Le\u00f3n 39900, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidy Leticia","family":"Ostos-Cant\u00fa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioclinsa, Hospital Ginequito, Monterrey 64060, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1086\/320880","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens that cause community-acquired urinary tract infections in women: A nationwide analysis","volume":"33","author":"Gupta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. 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