{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T14:51:15Z","timestamp":1792162275675,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Portugal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/28469\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/28469\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Portugal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/05183\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05183\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Funds","award":["PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/28469\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/28469\/2017"]}]},{"name":"National Funds","award":["UIDB\/05183\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05183\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) ST398 is mainly found in Europe and North America, colonizing the nasal cavity of pigs. This study characterized the MRSA isolates recovered from pig nasal swabs (n = 171) by evaluating the antimicrobial susceptibility profile by broth microdilution and characterizing the genetic lineages by spa-typing. Three linezolid-resistant isolates were subjected to Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS). All strains harbored the mecA gene and were resistant to tetracycline and susceptible to vancomycin. A high frequency of multidrug resistance (97.6%) was evidenced, with 55 different multidrug resistance profiles identified. The MRSA strains were found to belong to 17 spa-types, three being novel. The linezolid-resistant strains appeared to belong to the ST398 type, spa-type t011, and SCCmec_type_Vc and to harbor the cfr, fexA, blaZ, mecA, tetM, and tetK genes. The cfr gene was predicted to be carried in the plasmid, flanked by ISSau9 and the transposon TnpR. MRSA from Portuguese fattening pigs present a high diversity of genetic lineages. The presence of cfr-positive LA-MRSA may represent a risk of transmission to humans, mainly to those in contact with livestock.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11101439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T20:32:23Z","timestamp":1666211543000},"page":"1439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Emergence of Cfr-Mediated Linezolid Resistance among Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) from Healthy Pigs in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5782-8920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Le\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2064-2046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lurdes","family":"Clemente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Cara d\u2019Anjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DGAV-Portuguese National Authority for Animal Health, 1700-093 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5139-3268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Amaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.06.013","article-title":"Increased genetic diversity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from companion animals","volume":"235","author":"Loncarica","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. 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