{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:23:29Z","timestamp":1773005009246,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001442"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Helicobacter pylori is responsible for a wide range of gastric diseases, including gastric cancer and gastritis. With half of the world\u2019s population infected by H. pylori and the current standard of care associated with suboptimal outcomes, a search for more effective drugs is critical. To facilitate drug screening for H. pylori, we developed a microtiter plate-based compound screening method that is faster and can screen multiple compounds. We identified activities of fexinidazole and its sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites against H. pylori. Both fexinidazole and its metabolites exhibited equipotency against SS1, 60190, and G27 strains, which were about 3\u20136-fold more potent than the currently used metronidazole. We also determined the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of metronidazole, fexinidazole, and its metabolites against these strains by a traditional agar plate-based method. While MIC values of fexinidazole and metronidazole were similar against all the strains, both sulfoxide and sulfone showed lower MIC values than metronidazole against SS1 and 60190. Given the recent FDA approval of fexinidazole, our data on the in vitro antibacterial activities of fexinidazole and its metabolites support further evaluation of this drug with the goal of producing an alternative nitro-based antimicrobial with good safety profiles for the treatment of H. pylori infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11111605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T02:32:01Z","timestamp":1668393121000},"page":"1605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Bioluminescence-Based Drug Screen Identifies Activities of Fexinidazole and Its Metabolites against Helicobacter pylori"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1568-587X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdolhakim","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0640, La Jolla, CA 92093-0640, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John N","family":"Chilingerian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0640, La Jolla, CA 92093-0640, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1243-8478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prerna","family":"Bali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0640, La Jolla, CA 92093-0640, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8703-8404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marygorret","family":"Obonyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0640, La Jolla, CA 92093-0640, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9294-3927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anjan","family":"Debnath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0657, La Jolla, CA 92093-0657, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc703","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal tract adenocarcinomas","volume":"2","author":"Peek","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. 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