{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:49:02Z","timestamp":1762868942932,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Tecnol\u00f3gica (PAPIIT)","award":["IN218220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN218220"]}]},{"name":"Donaci\u00f3n GlaxoSmithKline M\u00e9xico, S.A. de C.V. para la Red de Vigilancia de la Resistencia Antimicrobiana.","award":["IN218220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN218220"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has complicated the management of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Design: prospective observational study. Bacteria were classified as susceptible or resistant to ampicillin-sulbactam, amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP\/SMZ), ertapenem, meropenem, and fosfomycin. The sensitivity to fosfomycin and chloramphenicol was evaluated by the disk diffusion method. Statistical analysis: the chi-square test and Fisher\u2019s exact test were used to compare differences between categories. A p value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Isolates were collected from January 2019 to November 2020 from 21 hospitals and laboratories. A total of 238 isolates were received: a total of 156 E. coli isolates and 82 K. pneumoniae isolates. The majority were community-acquired infections (64.1%). Resistance was &gt;20% for beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and TMP\/SMZ. For E. coli isolates, resistance was &lt;20% for amikacin, fosfomycin, and nitrofurantoin; for K. pneumoniae, amikacin, fosfomycin, chloramphenicol, and norfloxacin. All were susceptible to carbapenems. K. pneumoniae isolates registered a higher proportion of extensively drug-resistant bacteria in comparison with E. coli (p = 0.0004). In total, multidrug-resistant bacteria represented 61% of all isolates. Isolates demonstrated high resistance to beta-lactams, fluoro-quinolones, and TMP\/SMZ.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11111656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T03:07:23Z","timestamp":1669000043000},"page":"1656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Limited Therapeutic Options in Mexico for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3262-2608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guadalupe","family":"Miranda-Novales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Analysis and Synthesis of Evidence Research Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"},{"name":"Microbiome Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Flores-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiome Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7111-8813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda","family":"L\u00f3pez-Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Ponce de Le\u00f3n-Rosales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Program for Health Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"PUCRA Network Members","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.4103\/jgid.jgid_104_17","article-title":"State of the Globe: Rising Antimicrobial Resistance of Pathogens in Urinary Tract Infection","volume":"10","author":"Paul","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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