{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T23:17:20Z","timestamp":1780528640661,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad de Oriente"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Croton linearis Jacq. is an aromatic shrub that has been utilized in traditional medicine in the Bahamas, Jamaica, and Cuba. Recent studies have revealed the antiprotozoal potential of its leaves. The present work is aimed to identify the volatile constituents of essential oil from the stems of C. linearis (CLS-EO) and evaluate its in vitro antileishmanial activity. In addition, an in silico study of the molecular interactions was performed using molecular docking. A gas chromatographic\u2013mass spectrometric analysis of CLS-EO identified 1,8-cineole (27.8%), \u03b1-pinene (11.1%), cis-sabinene (8.1%), p-cymene (5.7%), \u03b1-terpineol (4.4%), epi-\u03b3-eudesmol (4.2%), linalool (3.9%), and terpinen-4-ol (2.6%) as major constituents. The evaluation of antileishmanial activity showed that CLS-EO has good activity on both parasite forms (IC50Promastigote = 21.4 \u00b1 0.1 \u03bcg\/mL; IC50Amastigote = 18.9 \u00b1 0.3 \u03bcg\/mL), with a CC50 of 49.0 \u00b1 5.0 \u03bcg\/mL on peritoneal macrophages from BALB\/c mice (selectivity index = 2 and 3 using the promastigote and amastigote results). Molecular docking showed good binding of epi-\u03b3-eudesmol with different target enzymes of Leishmania. This study is the first report of the chemical composition and anti-Leishmania evaluation of CLS-EO. These findings provide support for further studies of the antileishmanial effect of this product.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11121712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T03:28:49Z","timestamp":1669606129000},"page":"1712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Chemical Composition and In Vitro and In Silico Antileishmanial Evaluation of the Essential Oil from Croton linearis Jacq. Stems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2309-3417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Garc\u00eda-D\u00edaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Natural and Exacts Sciences Faculty, Oriente University, Avenida Patricio Lumumba s\/n, Santiago de Cuba 90500, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3609-4451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio C\u00e9sar","family":"Escalona-Arranz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Natural and Exacts Sciences Faculty, Oriente University, Avenida Patricio Lumumba s\/n, Santiago de Cuba 90500, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ania","family":"Ochoa-Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Natural and Exacts Sciences Faculty, Oriente University, Avenida Patricio Lumumba s\/n, Santiago de Cuba 90500, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8458-8731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3crates Golzio Dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58059-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalia","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology and Biomedicine Centre (TOXIMED), University of Medical Science, Autopista Nacional Km 1\u00bd s\/n, Santiago de Cuba 90400, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio Alberto","family":"Rojas-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Natural and Exacts Sciences Faculty, Oriente University, Avenida Patricio Lumumba s\/n, Santiago de Cuba 90500, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1958-809X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lianet","family":"Monzote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine \u201cPedro Kour\u00ed\u201d, Apartado Postal No. 601, Marianao 13, La Habana 10400, Cuba"},{"name":"Research Network Natural Products against Neglected Diseases (ResNetNPND)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3639-0528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William N.","family":"Setzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Network Natural Products against Neglected Diseases (ResNetNPND)"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA"},{"name":"Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hct116","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: Clinical syndromes and treatment","volume":"107","author":"McGwire","year":"2014","journal-title":"QJM. 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