{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:11:55Z","timestamp":1784592715091,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergence and spread of multidrug resistant Enterobacterales (MDR-E) are a global public health issue. This problem also concerns urinary tract infections (UTI), which are the second most frequent infections after respiratory infections. The objective of this study was to determine MDR-E frequency and to characterize MDR-E isolates from patients with community-acquired UTIs in Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti. From 800 clinical urinary samples collected at the Mer Rouge Laboratory, Djibouti, from January to July 2019, 142 were identified as Enterobacterales (age range of the 142 patients mean age is 42 years.) Mass spectrometry analysis of these isolates identified 117 Escherichia coli, 14 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 Proteus mirabilis, 4 Enterobacter spp., 4 Providencia stuartii and 1 Franconibacter helveticus. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (disk diffusion method) of these 142 isolates detected 68 MDR-E (68\/142 = 48%): 65 extended-spectrum b\u00eata lactamase- (ESBL), 2 carbapenemase- (one also ESBL), and 1 cephalosporinase-producer. Multiplex PCR and sequencing showed that the 65 ESBL-producing isolates carried genes encoding CTX-M enzymes (CTX-M-15 in 97% and CTX-M-9 in 3% of isolates). Two isolates harboured a gene encoding the OXA-48-like carbapenemase, and one the gene encoding the AmpC CMY-2 cephalosporinase. Genes implicated in resistance to quinolones (qnrB, aac (6\u2032)-Ib-cr, qnrD, oqxA and B) also were detected. Among the E. coli phylogroups, B2 was the most common phylogenetic group (21% of MDR-E isolates and 26% of non-MDR-E isolates), followed by A (14% and 12%), B1 (9% and 7%), D (3% and 3%), F (3% and 3%) and E (2% and 2%). This study highlights the high frequency of ESBL producers and the emergence of carbapenemase-producers among Enterobacterales causing community-acquired UTIs in Djibouti.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11121740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T02:56:26Z","timestamp":1670208986000},"page":"1740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacterales in Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hasna Said","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Hospital General Peltier de Djibouti, Djibouti City 2123, Djibouti"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie M\u00e9dicale de la Mer Rouge, Djibouti City 1119, Djibouti"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Houmed Aboubaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie M\u00e9dicale de la Mer Rouge, Djibouti City 1119, Djibouti"},{"name":"Laboratoire de la Caisse Nationale de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sociale, Djibouti City 696, Djibouti"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1649-9788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yann","family":"Dumont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-No\u00eblle","family":"Didelot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Laure","family":"Michon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2921-3849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lokman","family":"Galal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Jean-Pierre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3436-0082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvain","family":"Godreuil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Jeune Equipe Associ\u00e9e \u00e0 IRD (JEAI), FASORAM, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-077X(03)00180-X","article-title":"\u00c9tude bact\u00e9riologique et ph\u00e9notypes de r\u00e9sistance des germes responsables d\u2019infections urinaires dans un CHU de Tunis: \u00c0 propos de 1930 cas","volume":"33","author":"Larabi","year":"2003","journal-title":"M\u00e9d. 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