{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:08:13Z","timestamp":1792001293143,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are common outpatient and inpatient infections, often treated with empirical therapy. Enterococcus spp. is responsible for about 10% of UTIs. This study aimed to determine the necessity of changing the empirical treatment of UTIs caused by Enterococcus spp. The evaluation was performed for 542 Enterococcus strains isolated from urine samples in the years 2016\u20132021. We identified three Enterococcus species that were found: E. faecalis (389, 71.8%), E. faecium (151, 27.8%) and E. gallinarum (2, 0.4%). E. faecalis was the dominant species every year. Among E. faecalis, the most prevalent was resistance to norfloxacin (51.4%). Almost all E. faecium strains (150, 99.3%) were resistant to beta-lactams and norfloxacin. Eighty-three strains (55.0%) were resistant to vancomycin and 72 (47.7%) to teicoplanin. E. faecium strains showed a significantly higher percentage of resistance mechanisms GRE (Glicopeptide-Resistant Enterococcus) (72, 48.7%) and VRE (Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus) (11, 7.3%), while only five strains of E. feacalis showed a VRE mechanism (1.3%). In the therapy of E. faecalis UTIs, ampicillin and imipenem still remain effective. However, the above-mentioned antibiotics, as well as fluoroquinolones, are not recommended in the treatment of UTIs of E. faecium etiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11121749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T02:56:26Z","timestamp":1670208986000},"page":"1749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Antibiotic Resistance of Enterococcus spp. Isolated from the Urine of Patients Hospitalized in the University Hospital in North-Central Poland, 2016\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Zuzanna","family":"Kraszewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 9 M. Sk\u0142odowska-Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Skowron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 9 M. Sk\u0142odowska-Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1476-3263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Kwieci\u0144ska-Pir\u00f3g","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 9 M. Sk\u0142odowska-Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Grudlewska-Buda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 9 M. Sk\u0142odowska-Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6275-6792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Przekwas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 9 M. Sk\u0142odowska-Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1885-9182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Wiktorczyk-Kapischke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 9 M. Sk\u0142odowska-Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1840-9731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Wa\u0142ecka-Zacharska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Gospodarek-Komkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 9 M. Sk\u0142odowska-Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, September 15). 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