{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T08:06:23Z","timestamp":1784880383241,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dental implants to replace lost teeth are a common dentistry practice nowadays. Titanium dental implants display a high success rate and improved safety profile. Nevertheless, there is an increasing peri-implantitis (PI), an inflammatory disease associated with polymicrobial infection that adversely affects the hard and soft tissues around the implant. The present review highlights the contribution of different metabolic conditions to PI. The considerations of both local and systemic metabolic conditions are crucial for planning successful dental implant procedures and during the treatment course of PI. Un- or undertreated PI can lead to permanent jaw bone suffering and dental implant losses. The common mediators of PI are inflammation and oxidative stress, which are also the key mediators of most systemic metabolic disorders. Chronic periodontitis, low-grade tissue inflammation, and increased oxidative stress raise the incidence of PI and the underlying systemic metabolic conditions, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, or harmful lifestyle factors (cigarette smoking, etc.). Using dental biomaterials with antimicrobial effects could partly solve the problem of pathogenic microbial contamination and local inflammation. With local dentistry considering factors, including oral microbiota and implant quality control, the inclusion of the underlying systemic metabolic conditions into the pre-procedure planning and during the treatment course should improve the chances of successful outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12010065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T03:31:17Z","timestamp":1672371077000},"page":"65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Metabolic Conditions and Peri-Implantitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Asma","family":"Gasmi Benahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Acad\u00e9mie Internationale de M\u00e9decine Dentaire Int\u00e9grative, 75000 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2165-8373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amin","family":"Gasmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Francophone de Nutrith\u00e9rapie et de Nutrig\u00e9n\u00e9tique Appliqu\u00e9e, 69100 Villeurbanne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3748-1920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torsak","family":"Tippairote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"},{"name":"Nutritional and Environmental Medicine Department, BBH Hospital, Bangkok 10540, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavan Kumar","family":"Mujawdiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad 500078, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleksandr","family":"Avdeev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Dentistry Department, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46003 Ternopil, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurii","family":"Shanaida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Dentistry Department, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46003 Ternopil, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2632-3935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geir","family":"Bj\u00f8rklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine (US) Division of Health Care Services (1980). Chapter 3, Epidemiology and Prevention of Dental Diseases. Public Policy Options for Better Dental Health: Report of a Study, Services, National Academies Press (US)."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.4161\/21505594.2014.980661","article-title":"Microbiome of peri-implant infections: Lessons from conventional, molecular and metagenomic analyses","volume":"6","author":"Charalampakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, R.C., Agrelli, A., Andrade, A.N., Mendes-Marques, C.L., Arruda, I.R., Santos, L.R., Vasconcelos, N.F., and Machado, G. (2022). Titanium Dental Implants: An Overview of Applied Nanobiotechnology to Improve Biocompatibility and Prevent Infections. Materials, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15093150"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"189","article-title":"Dental implants: A review","volume":"100","author":"Guillaume","year":"2016","journal-title":"Morphol. Bull. De L\u2019association Des Anat."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-3327.104867","article-title":"Management of peri-implantitis","volume":"9","author":"Prathapachandran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dent. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"110","article-title":"Geriatric oral health: A review article","volume":"6","author":"Razak","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Int. Oral Health JIOH"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"002203451774056","article-title":"Is Metal Particle release associated with peri-implant bone destruction? an emerging concept","volume":"97","author":"Fretwurst","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Lang, N.P., and Karring, T. (1994). Consensus Report of Session IV. Proceedings of the First European Workshop on Periodontology, Quintessence Publishing."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.31152","article-title":"Biomaterial and antibiotic strategies for peri-implantitis: A review","volume":"88","author":"Norowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B Appl. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"553","article-title":"Emerging antibacterial biomaterial strategies for the prevention of peri-implant inflammatory diseases","volume":"26","author":"Bumgardner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2021.103790","article-title":"Efficacy of local antibiotic therapy in the treatment of peri-implantitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"113","author":"Toledano","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kormas, I., Pedercini, C., Pedercini, A., Raptopoulos, M., Alassy, H., and Wolff, L.F. (2020). Peri-Implant Diseases: Diagnosis, Clinical, Histological, Microbiological Characteristics and Treatment Strategies. A Narrative Review. Antibiotics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9110835"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"866","article-title":"Peri-implant diseases and metabolic syndrome components: A systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Papi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"433","article-title":"Implant survival and success rates in patients with risk factors: Results from a long-term retrospective study with a 10 to 18 years follow-up","volume":"21","author":"Papi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.02.021","article-title":"Effect of Obesity or Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes on Osseointegration of Dental Implants in a Miniature Swine Model: A Pilot Study","volume":"76","author":"Coelho","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.05.005","article-title":"Obesity\/Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus on Peri-implantitis","volume":"31","author":"Bonfante","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.5305","article-title":"Dental Implants in the Elderly Population: A Long-Term Follow-up","volume":"32","author":"Compton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12597","article-title":"Peri-implant parameters, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1 beta levels in vaping individuals","volume":"20","author":"Alrabiah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2012.01856.x","article-title":"Pyrosequencing reveals unique microbial signatures associated with healthy and failing dental implants","volume":"39","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.2002.130101.x","article-title":"Infectious risks for oral implants: A review of the literature","volume":"13","author":"Quirynen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res. Rev. Artic."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13401","article-title":"Peri-implantitis and its prevention","volume":"30","author":"Berglundh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frizzera, F., Oliveira, G.J.P.L.d., Shibli, J.A., Moraes, K.C.d., Marcantonio, E.B., and Marcantonio Junior, E. (2019). Treatment of peri-implant soft tissue defects: A narrative review. Braz. Oral Res.","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0073"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15163","DOI":"10.1038\/bdjteam.2015.163","article-title":"Periodontitis and systemic disease","volume":"2","author":"Winning","year":"2015","journal-title":"BDJ Team"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965753","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2022.965753","article-title":"Hormone and implant osseointegration: Elaboration of the relationship among function, preclinical, and clinical practice","volume":"9","author":"Yi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"415","article-title":"Transcriptome-wide Gene Expression Analysis in Peri-implantitis Reveals Candidate Cellular Pathways","volume":"7","author":"Martin","year":"2022","journal-title":"JDR Clin. Trans. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-019-0054-1","article-title":"Periodontitis-induced systemic inflammation exacerbates atherosclerosis partly via endothelial\u2013mesenchymal transition in mice","volume":"11","author":"Suh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00323","article-title":"Association Between Periodontitis and Cognitive Impairment in Adults: A Systematic Review","volume":"10","author":"Nascimento","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31254","article-title":"Periodontitis and cancer mortality: Register-based cohort study of 68,273 adults in 10-year follow-up","volume":"142","author":"But","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30038-X","article-title":"Systemic effects of periodontitis treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 12 month, single-centre, investigator-masked, randomised trial","volume":"6","author":"Gkranias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.000.00934.x","article-title":"Long-term implant prognosis in patients with and without a history of chronic periodontitis: A 10-year prospective cohort study of the ITI\u00ae Dental Implant System","volume":"14","author":"Karoussis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"70","article-title":"Peri-implant mucositis and periimplantitis: Bacterial infection","volume":"67","author":"Khammissa","year":"2012","journal-title":"S. Afr. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.2000.011006511.x","article-title":"Early colonization of dental implants by putative periodontal pathogens in partially edentulous patients","volume":"11","author":"Benschop","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.12968\/denu.2005.32.9.536","article-title":"Use of radiographs in the diagnosis of periodontal disease","volume":"32","author":"Tugnait","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dent. Update"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"455","article-title":"Non-surgical mechanical treatment of peri-implant mucositis: The effect of sub-mucosal mechanical instrumentation following supra-mucosal plaque removal. A 7-month prospective single cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Serino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Implantol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khalil, D., and Hultin, M. (2018). Peri-implantitis Microbiota. An Update of Dental Implantology and Biomaterial, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.79486"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.21-0012","article-title":"The correlation between history of periodontitis according to staging and grading and the prevalence\/severity of peri-implantitis in patients enrolled in maintenance therapy","volume":"92","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01416.x","article-title":"Periodontitis as a potential risk factor for peri-implantitis","volume":"36","author":"Renvert","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.18-0715","article-title":"A retrospective cohort study on peri-implant complications in implants up to 10 years of functional loading in periodontally compromised patients","volume":"91","author":"Pandolfi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2012.02541.x","article-title":"The epidemiology of peri-implantitis","volume":"23","author":"Mombelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lasserre, J., Brecx, M., and Toma, S. (2018). Oral Microbes, Biofilms and Their Role in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases. Materials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11101802"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12707","article-title":"Biomaterial-based possibilities for managing peri-implantitis","volume":"55","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Periodontal. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20190042","DOI":"10.1590\/1981-86372019000423397","article-title":"Vari\u00e1veis relacionadas \u00e0 doen\u00e7a periodontal pr\u00e9via e perda \u00f3ssea peri-implantar","volume":"67","author":"Gandra","year":"2019","journal-title":"RGO-Rev. Ga\u00facha De Odontol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2018.09.010","article-title":"Periodontitis as a risk factor for peri-implantitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"79","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781378","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.781378","article-title":"Immunomodulation in the Treatment of Periodontitis: Progress and Perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.36740\/WLek201903116","article-title":"Condition of fagocytosis of experimental animals with periodontitis due to modified reactivity","volume":"72","author":"Avdeev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wiad. Lek."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514551754","article-title":"Composition of human peri-implantitis and periodontitis lesions","volume":"93","author":"Carcuac","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casado, P.L., Aguiar, D.P., Costa, L.C., Fonseca, M.A., Vieira, T.C., Alvim-Pereira, C.C., Alvim-Pereira, F., Deeley, K., Granjeiro, J.M., and Trevilatto, P.C. (2015). Different contribution of BRINP3 gene in chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis: A cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health, 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-015-0018-6"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"21","article-title":"Increased Levels of Dissolved Titanium are Associated With Peri-Implantitis\u2014A Case-Control Study","volume":"88","author":"Safioti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carinci, F., Lauritano, D., Bignozzi, C.A., Pazzi, D., Candotto, V., Santos de Oliveira, P., and Scarano, A. (2019). A New Strategy Against Peri-Implantitis: Antibacterial Internal Coating. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20163897"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.1c00129","article-title":"Overview of Antibacterial Strategies of Dental Implant Materials for the Prevention of Peri-Implantitis","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioconjug. Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2017.07.007","article-title":"Microbiome of peri-implantitis affected and healthy dental sites in patients with a history of chronic periodontitis","volume":"83","author":"Apatzidou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2017.170123","article-title":"Microbiome and microbial biofilm profiles of peri-implantitis: A systematic review","volume":"88","author":"Lafaurie","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"215","article-title":"Peri-implant diseases. A systematic review of the literature","volume":"53","author":"Romeo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Minerva Stomatol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-124X.107466","article-title":"Biofilm and dental implant: The microbial link","volume":"17","author":"Dhir","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Indian Soc. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1177\/039139880502801103","article-title":"Biofilm in implant infections: Its production and regulation","volume":"28","author":"Costerton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Organs"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"340","article-title":"Level of oxidative stress markers in peri-implant crevicular fluid and their correlation with clinical parameters","volume":"12","author":"Jazi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bressan, E., Ferroni, L., Gardin, C., Bellin, G., Sbricoli, L., Sivolella, S., Brunello, G., Schwartz-Arad, D., Mijiritsky, E., and Penarrocha, M. (2019). Metal nanoparticles released from dental implant surfaces: Potential contribution to chronic inflammation and peri-implant bone loss. Materials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12122036"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058739219845542","DOI":"10.1177\/2058739219845542","article-title":"Correlations of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and matrix metalloproteinases in gingival crevicular fluid with peri-implantitis","volume":"17","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3085756","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3085756","article-title":"Oxidative stress and advanced lipoxidation and glycation end products (ALEs and AGEs) in aging and age-related diseases","volume":"2019","author":"Moldogazieva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pietropaoli, D., Ortu, E., Severino, M., Ciarrocchi, I., Gatto, R., and Monaco, A. (2013). Glycation and oxidative stress in the failure of dental implants: A case series. BMC Res. Notes, 6.","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-6-296"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Landgraeber, S., J\u00e4ger, M., Jacobs, J., and Hallab, N. (2014). The Pathology of Orthopedic Implant Failure Is Mediated by Innate Immune System Cytokines. Mediat. Inflamm., 185150.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/185150"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1366.032","article-title":"Low-grade inflammation in chronic infectious diseases: Paradigm of periodontal infections","volume":"1088","author":"Moutsopoulos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"561","article-title":"The role of prooxidant-antioxidant system in the development of alveolitis after teeth extraction","volume":"13","author":"Hutor","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int. Dent. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corr\u00eaa, M.G., Pimentel, S.P., Ribeiro, F.V., Cirano, F.R., and Casati, M.Z. (2019). Host response and peri-implantitis. Braz. Oral Res., 33.","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0066"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-962X.151688","article-title":"Myeloperoxidase level around dental implants as an indicator of an inflammatory process","volume":"6","author":"Durrani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12367","article-title":"Salivary concentration of oxidative stress biomarkers in a group of patients with peri-implantitis: A transversal study","volume":"18","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"282","article-title":"C-telopeptide pyridinoline crosslinks of type I collagen, soluble RANKL, and osteoprotegerin levels in crevicular fluid of dental implants with peri-implantitis: A case-control study","volume":"26","author":"Buduneli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07698.x","article-title":"C-telopeptide pyridinoline cross-links: Sensitive indicators of periodontal tissue destruction","volume":"878","author":"Giannobile","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3478","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.9.7634","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin produced by osteoblasts is an important regulator in osteoclast development and function","volume":"141","author":"Udagawa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514559128","article-title":"The pathology of bone tissue during peri-implantitis","volume":"94","author":"Schminke","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2016.58928","article-title":"Obesity and inflammation: The linking mechanism and the complications","volume":"13","author":"Ellulu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12556","article-title":"Peri-implant parameters and C-reactive protein levels among patients with different obesity levels","volume":"20","author":"Vohra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2016.08.017","article-title":"Comparison of peri-implant clinical and radiographic inflammatory parameters and whole salivary destructive inflammatory cytokine profile among obese and non-obese men","volume":"88","author":"Abduljabbar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3086167","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3086167","article-title":"Complications of diabetes 2017","volume":"2018","author":"Papatheodorou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v8.i4.120","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes and quality of life","volume":"8","author":"Trikkalinou","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12552","article-title":"Peri-implant evaluation of immediately loaded implants placed in esthetic zone in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: A two-year study","volume":"27","author":"Moreu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-016-0038-2","article-title":"Dental implants and diabetes mellitus\u2014A systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Naujokat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Implant. Dent."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2012.02467.x","article-title":"Impact of diabetes mellitus and metabolic control on bone healing around osseointegrated implants: Removal torque and histomorphometric analysis in rats","volume":"24","author":"Verzola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.5037\/jomr.2016.7305","article-title":"General diseases influence on peri-implantitis development: A systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Guobis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Res."},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"8","article-title":"Review of Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"44","author":"Iqbal","year":"2019","journal-title":"US Pharm"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01606.x","article-title":"Dental implants in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Clinical outcome and peri-implant findings","volume":"37","author":"Krennmair","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1563\/AAID-JOI-D-13-00105","article-title":"The effects of hyperlipidemia on implant osseointegration in the mouse femur","volume":"41","author":"Keuroghlian","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Oral Implantol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-019-0170-x","article-title":"The effect of hyperlipidemia on bone graft regeneration of peri-implantal created defects in rabbits","volume":"5","author":"Tekin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Implant. Dent."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2003.00296.x","article-title":"Treatment of peri-implant infections: A literature review","volume":"30","author":"Renvert","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.102008","article-title":"Targeting implant-associated infections: Titanium surface loaded with antimicrobial","volume":"24","author":"Souza","year":"2021","journal-title":"IScience"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosseinpour, S., Nanda, A., Walsh, L.J., and Xu, C. (2021). Microbial Decontamination and Antibacterial Activity of Nanostructured Titanium Dental Implants: A Narrative Review. Nanomaterials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11092336"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38836","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA07676F","article-title":"Roles of a new drug-delivery healing abutment in the prevention and treatment of peri-implant infections: A preliminary study","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13914","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13914","article-title":"Non-surgical peri-implantitis treatment with or without systemic antibiotics; a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"33","author":"Polymeri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"50","article-title":"Antibiotics in the treatment of peri-implantitis","volume":"5","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Implantol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12763","article-title":"Effect of periodontal therapy with systemic antimicrobials on parameters of metabolic syndrome: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"44","author":"Bizzarro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3989","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2522","article-title":"Association of the metabolic syndrome with severe periodontitis in a large U.S. population-based survey","volume":"93","author":"Sabbah","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777627","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.777627","article-title":"Microbiota in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Before and After Mechanical Debridement With Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Peri-Implantitis","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102231","article-title":"Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy versus antibiotics as an adjunct in the treatment of periodontitis and peri-implantitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.2001.012004287.x","article-title":"Treatment of peri-implantitis by local delivery of tetracycline. Clinical, microbiological and radiological results","volume":"12","author":"Mombelli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Passarelli, P.C., Netti, A., Lopez, M.A., Giaquinto, E.F., De Rosa, G., Aureli, G., Bodnarenko, A., Papi, P., Starzynska, A., and Pompa, G. (2021). Local\/Topical Antibiotics for Peri-Implantitis Treatment: A Systematic Review. Antibiotics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10111298"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.30611","article-title":"Bacteria and cell cytocompatibility studies on coated medical grade titanium surfaces","volume":"78","author":"Harris","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1039\/b515219b","article-title":"Reducing implant-related infections: Active release strategies","volume":"35","author":"Hetrick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2006.04.016","article-title":"Prophylaxis and treatment of implant-related infections by antibiotic-coated implants: A review","volume":"37","author":"Schmidmaier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-020-10708-7","article-title":"Health benefits of xylitol","volume":"104","author":"Gasmi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12649","article-title":"Effect of xylitol on salivary beta-glucosidase in humans","volume":"127","author":"Gomes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bjorklund, G., Shanaida, M., Lysiuk, R., Butnariu, M., Peana, M., Sarac, I., Strus, O., and Smetanina, K. (2022). Natural Compounds and Products from an Anti-Aging Perspective. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27207084"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.110701","article-title":"Application of totarol as natural antibacterial coating on dental implants for prevention of peri-implantitis","volume":"110","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21022","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00497-y","article-title":"Evaluation of the antibacterial effects and mechanism of Plantaricin 149 from Lactobacillus plantarum NRIC 149 on the peri-implantitis pathogens","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpor.2017.06.006","article-title":"The effects of Lactobacillus reuteri probiotics combined with azithromycin on peri-implantitis: A randomized placebo-controlled study","volume":"62","author":"Tada","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont. Res."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2019-0113","article-title":"A Comparative Study of Connective Tissue Metabolism Indices in Experimental Comorbidity-Free Periodontitis and Periodontitis Combined with Thyroid Dysfunction","volume":"13","author":"Shcherba","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Life"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butera, A., Pascadopoli, M., Pellegrini, M., Gallo, S., Zampetti, P., Cuggia, G., and Scribante, A. (2022). Domiciliary Use of Chlorhexidine vs. Postbiotic Gels in Patients with Peri-Implant Mucositis: A Split-Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial. Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app12062800"},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"79","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness of Lactobacillus reuteri in the treatment of peri-implant diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Panda","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2020.101398","article-title":"Does probiotic Lactobacillus have an adjunctive effect in the nonsurgical treatment of peri-implant diseases? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Evid. Based Dent. Pract."},{"key":"ref_109","first-page":"137","article-title":"Effect of Adjunctive Probiotic Therapy on the Treatment of Peri-Implant Diseases-A Systematic Review","volume":"22","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int. Acad. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.4103\/jisp.jisp_551_18","article-title":"Effects of amine fluoride and probiotic mouthwash on levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis in orthodontic patients: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Goyal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Indian Soc. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.103150","article-title":"Effect of Curcumin-loaded Photoactivatable Polymeric Nanoparticle on peri-implantitis-related biofilm","volume":"2202","author":"Tonon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3149223","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3149223","article-title":"Nano-Derived Therapeutic Formulations with Curcumin in Inflammation-Related Diseases","volume":"2021","author":"Quispe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930515","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.930515","article-title":"The Suitability of Propolis as a Bioactive Component of Biomaterials","volume":"13","author":"Lesmana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wieczorek, P., Hudz, N., Yezerska, O., Horcinova Sedlackova, V., Shanaida, M., and Jasicka-Misiak, I. (2022). Chemical Variability and Pharmacological Potential of Propolis as a Source for the Development of New Pharmaceutical Products. Molecules.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27051600"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Somsanith, N., Kim, Y.K., Jang, Y.S., Lee, Y.H., Yi, H.K., Jang, J.H., Kim, K.A., Bae, T.S., and Lee, M.H. (2018). Enhancing of Osseointegration with Propolis-Loaded TiO(2) Nanotubes in Rat Mandible for Dental Implants. Materials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11010061"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martorano-Fernandes, L., Cavalcanti, Y.W., and de Almeida, L.F.D. (2020). Inhibitory effect of Brazilian red propolis on Candida biofilms developed on titanium surfaces. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-020-02893-9"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghensi, P., Bettio, E., Maniglio, D., Bonomi, E., Piccoli, F., Gross, S., Caciagli, P., Segata, N., Nollo, G., and Tessarolo, F. (2019). Dental implants with anti-biofilm properties: A pilot study for developing a new sericin-based coating. Materials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12152429"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiwari, A., Sharma, P., Vishwamitra, B., and Singh, G. (2021). Review on Surface Treatment for Implant Infection via Gentamicin and Antibiotic Releasing Coatings. Coatings, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings11081006"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.119650","article-title":"Functionalization of a clustered TiO2 nanotubular surface with platelet derived growth factor-BB covalent modification enhances osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"230","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2020.125870","article-title":"Enhancement of the mechanical and biological properties on Zn\/Ag co-implanted TiN via ions contents regulation","volume":"394","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."}],"container-title":["Antibiotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/12\/1\/65\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:55:55Z","timestamp":1760147755000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/12\/1\/65"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"references-count":120,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["antibiotics12010065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics12010065","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]}}}