{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T18:50:26Z","timestamp":1793472626702,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We developed two multiplex polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) for the detection of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs), plasmid-mediated AmpC \u03b2-lactamases, aac(6\u2032)-Ib gene, and integrase genes (intI1, intI2, and intI3) in class 1, 2, and 3 integrons in Gram-negative bacteria. We evaluated the PCRs using 109 Gram-negative isolates from non-organic (ANO) and organic (AO) vegetables and fruits. Screening of ANO substances identified five SHV, one TEM-1, one CTX-M, 20 AmpC-CS, and two intI1 positives. DNA sequencing revealed CTX-M in Pantoea spp. was blaRANH-2, a plasmid-mediated CTX-M related ESBL gene only found in Rahnella spp. Of the 20 AmpC-CS positives, 10 were CMY\/MIR\/ACT\/EC (3 new variants), eight were ACT, one was AZECL, and one was new Pseudomonas-related AmpC family. Screening of AO substances identified 11 SHV, two TEM-1, three CTX-M (one OXY-2, two CTX-M-14\/-15), two OXA-9, 13 AmpC-CS and one intI1 positives. The 13 AmpC-CS positives were five CMY\/MIR\/ACT\/EC, three ACT, one MOX-12 variant, and four ADC (one ADC-25 and three new variants). We developed a rapid, easy-to-perform, low-cost, and reliable multiplex PCR system for screening clinically relevant \u03b2-lactamases and integrons in Gram-negative bacteria. We showed the prevalence of ESBLs and AmpC \u03b2-lactamases among our panel of ampicillin-resistant Gram-negative strains and detection of NDM and OXA carbapenemases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12010090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T02:28:53Z","timestamp":1672885733000},"page":"90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Novel Single-Tube Eicosaplex\/Octaplex PCR System for the Detection of Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamases, Plasmid-Mediated AmpC \u03b2-Lactamases, and Integrons in Gram-Negative Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4465-5028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Soliman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Nariya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Graduate School of Human Life Sciences, Jumonji University, Niiza 352-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daiki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8528, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshi","family":"Shimamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8528, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5538-0595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadashi","family":"Shimamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8528, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (US) (2022, November 05). 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