{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:05:45Z","timestamp":1788930345709,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PRIN 2017","award":["20177J5Y3P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20177J5Y3P"]}]},{"name":"PRIN 2017","award":["20208LLXEJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20208LLXEJ"]}]},{"name":"PRIN 2017","award":["232\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232\/2016"]}]},{"name":"PRIN 2017","award":["A0375E0026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A0375E0026"]}]},{"name":"PRIN 2017","award":["FFC#12\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFC#12\/2021"]}]},{"name":"PRIN 2020","award":["20177J5Y3P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20177J5Y3P"]}]},{"name":"PRIN 2020","award":["20208LLXEJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20208LLXEJ"]}]},{"name":"PRIN 2020","award":["232\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232\/2016"]}]},{"name":"PRIN 2020","award":["A0375E0026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A0375E0026"]}]},{"name":"PRIN 2020","award":["FFC#12\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFC#12\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Excellence Departments","award":["20177J5Y3P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20177J5Y3P"]}]},{"name":"Excellence Departments","award":["20208LLXEJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20208LLXEJ"]}]},{"name":"Excellence Departments","award":["232\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232\/2016"]}]},{"name":"Excellence Departments","award":["A0375E0026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A0375E0026"]}]},{"name":"Excellence Departments","award":["FFC#12\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFC#12\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["20177J5Y3P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20177J5Y3P"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["20208LLXEJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20208LLXEJ"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["232\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232\/2016"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["A0375E0026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A0375E0026"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["FFC#12\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFC#12\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Italian Cystic Fibrosis Foundation","award":["20177J5Y3P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20177J5Y3P"]}]},{"name":"Italian Cystic Fibrosis Foundation","award":["20208LLXEJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20208LLXEJ"]}]},{"name":"Italian Cystic Fibrosis Foundation","award":["232\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232\/2016"]}]},{"name":"Italian Cystic Fibrosis Foundation","award":["A0375E0026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A0375E0026"]}]},{"name":"Italian Cystic Fibrosis Foundation","award":["FFC#12\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFC#12\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa has the genetic potential to acquire colistin resistance through the modification of lipopolysaccharide by the addition of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N) or phosphoethanolamine (PEtN), mediated by the arn operon or the eptA gene, respectively. However, in vitro evolution experiments and genetic analysis of clinical isolates indicate that lipopolysaccharide modification with L-Ara4N is invariably preferred over PEtN addition as the colistin resistance mechanism in this bacterium. Since little is known about eptA regulation in P. aeruginosa, we generated luminescent derivatives of the reference strain P. aeruginosa PAO1 to monitor arn and eptA promoter activity. We performed transposon mutagenesis assays to compare the likelihood of acquiring mutations leading to arn or eptA induction and to identify eptA regulators. The analysis revealed that eptA was slightly induced under certain stress conditions, such as arginine or biotin depletion and accumulation of the signal molecule diadenosine tetraphosphate, but the induction did not confer colistin resistance. Moreover, we demonstrated that spontaneous mutations leading to colistin resistance invariably triggered arn rather than eptA expression, and that eptA was not induced in resistant mutants upon colistin exposure. Overall, these results suggest that the contribution of eptA to colistin resistance in P. aeruginosa may be limited by regulatory restraints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12020200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T02:51:37Z","timestamp":1674096697000},"page":"200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Regulatory Landscape of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Phosphoethanolamine Transferase Gene eptA in the Context of Colistin Resistance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4292-2615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Cervoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3616-853X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Sposato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Lo Sciuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5080-5665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Imperi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators (2022). 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