{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:35:05Z","timestamp":1787960105596,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci (MR-CoNS), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) are increasing worldwide and represent a threat for the limited treatment options in pediatric patients and neonates compared to adults. Recommendations in pediatrics are mainly extrapolated from adults\u2019 studies. Methods: A literature search for the treatment of these pathogens in children (&lt;18 years old) was conducted in Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library. Studies reporting data on single-patient-level outcomes related to a specific antibiotic treatment for multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-positive bacterial infection in children were included. Studies reporting data from adults and children were included if single-pediatric-level information could be identified (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022383867). Results: The search identified 11,740 studies (since January 2000), of which 48 fulfilled both the inclusion and the exclusion criteria and were included in the analysis: 29 for MRSA, 20 for VRE, and seven for MR-CoNS. Most studies were retrospective studies. Vancomycin was mainly used as a comparator, while linezolid and daptomycin were the most studied antimicrobials showing good efficacy. Conclusions: Linezolid showed a safety and efficacy profile in a neonatal setting; daptomycin is increasingly used for MRSA, but the evidence is scarce for VRE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12020261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T04:58:25Z","timestamp":1675054705000},"page":"261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Therapeutic Options and Outcomes for the Treatment of Children with Gram-Positive Bacteria with Resistances of Concern: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Chiusaroli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women\u2019s and Child\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0821-5757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Liberati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women\u2019s and Child\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Rulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women\u2019s and Child\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0850-8784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women\u2019s and Child\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marica","family":"De Pieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women\u2019s and Child\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3586-0612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Costanza","family":"Di Chiara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women\u2019s and Child\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1374-1505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Mengato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy Department, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Giaquinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women\u2019s and Child\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7105-2105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Don\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women\u2019s and Child\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30753-3","article-title":"Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: The WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis","volume":"18","author":"Tacconelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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