{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:21:27Z","timestamp":1792513287319,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":176,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004738","name":"E-Da Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EDAHS111001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EDAHS111001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The production and use of antibiotics increased significantly after the Second World War due to their effectiveness against bacterial infections. However, bacterial resistance also emerged and has now become an important global issue. Those most in need are typically high-risk and include individuals who experience burns and other wounds, as well as those with pulmonary infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter sp, and Staphylococci. With investment to develop new antibiotics waning, finding and developing alternative therapeutic strategies to tackle this issue is imperative. One option remerging in popularity is bacteriophage (phage) therapy. This review focuses on Staphylococcus\u00a0aureus and how it has developed resistance to antibiotics. It also discusses the potential of phage therapy in this setting and its appropriateness in high-risk people, such as those with cystic fibrosis, where it typically forms a biofilm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12020286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T02:52:02Z","timestamp":1675219922000},"page":"286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Phage Therapy as an Alternative Treatment Modality for Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7548-4607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salman Sahab","family":"Atshan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science, Collage of Dentistry, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq"},{"name":"School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6152, Australia"},{"name":"Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6288-3791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rukman Awang","family":"Hamat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6533-7868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Musheer A.","family":"Aljaberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz 6803, Yemen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3187-9479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung-Sheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2410-5320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih-Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2129-4242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung-Ying","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Mullins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6152, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0008-9733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Kicic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6152, Australia"},{"name":"Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children\u2019s Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01405","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01405-18","article-title":"Genome-based prediction of bacterial antibiotic resistance","volume":"57","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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