{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T14:35:37Z","timestamp":1768487737081,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Access Publication Fund of the Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","award":["ZMVI1-2519NIK704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZMVI1-2519NIK704"]}]},{"name":"Open Access Publication Fund of the Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","award":["01KI2009D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KI2009D"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Health (BMG) within the ZooSeq MinION-Zoo project","award":["ZMVI1-2519NIK704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZMVI1-2519NIK704"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Health (BMG) within the ZooSeq MinION-Zoo project","award":["01KI2009D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KI2009D"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) as part of the Research Network Zoonotic Diseases","award":["ZMVI1-2519NIK704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZMVI1-2519NIK704"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) as part of the Research Network Zoonotic Diseases","award":["01KI2009D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KI2009D"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gallibacterium (G.) anatis isolates associated with respiratory diseases in calves and harboring acquired antimicrobial resistance genes have been described in Belgium. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic organization of acquired resistance genes in the G. anatis isolate IMT49310 from a German calf suffering from a respiratory tract infection. The isolate was submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and a closed genome was obtained by a hybrid assembly of Illumina MiSeq short-reads and MinION long-reads. Isolate IMT49310 showed elevated MIC values for macrolides, aminoglycosides, florfenicol, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole. The acquired resistance genes catA1, floR, aadA1, aadB, aphA1, strA, tet(M), tet(B), erm(B), and sul2 were identified within three resistance gene regions in the genome, some of which were associated with IS elements, such as ISVsa5-like or IS15DII. Furthermore, nucleotide exchanges within the QRDRs of gyrA and parC, resulting in amino acid exchanges S83F and D87A in GyrA and S80I in ParC, were identified. Even if the role in the pathogenesis of respiratory tract infections in cattle needs to be further investigated, the identification of a G. anatis isolate with reduced susceptibility to regularly used antimicrobial agents in cases of fatal bovine respiratory tract infections is worrisome, and such isolates might also act as a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12020294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T05:33:53Z","timestamp":1675229633000},"page":"294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Genetic Organization of Acquired Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Detection of Resistance-Mediating Mutations in a Gallibacterium anatis Isolate from a Calf Suffering from a Respiratory Tract Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Anne-Kathrin","family":"Schink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Hanke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Semmler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NG1-Microbial Genomics, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Roschanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landeslabor Schleswig-Holstein, 24537 Neum\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6303-8212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2020.1712495","article-title":"Etiology, epidemiology, pathology, and advances in diagnosis, vaccine development, and treatment of Gallibacterium anatis infection in poultry: A review","volume":"40","author":"Krishnegowda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. 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