{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:50:37Z","timestamp":1760147437901,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: We aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of tigecycline in plasma and its penetration to sputum in moderately ill patients with an infectious acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: Eleven patients hospitalized with acute respiratory failure due to an acute COPD exacerbation with clinical evidence of an infectious cause received tigecycline 50 mg twice daily after an initial loading dose of 100 mg. Blood and sputum samples were collected at steady state after dose seven. Results: In plasma, mean Cmax pl was 975.95 \u00b1 490.36 ng\/mL and mean Cmin pl was 214.48 \u00b1140.62 ng\/mL. In sputum, mean Cmax\u00a0sp was 641.91 \u00b1 253.07 ng\/mL and mean Cmin\u00a0sp was 308.06 \u00b1 61.7 ng\/mL. In plasma, mean AUC 0\u201312\u00a0pl was 3765.89 \u00b1 1862.23 ng*h\/mL, while in sputum mean AUC 0\u201312 sp was 4023.27 \u00b1 793.37 ng*h\/mL. The mean penetration ratio for the 10\/11 patients was 1.65 \u00b1 1.35. The mean Free AUC0\u201324 pl\/MIC ratio for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae was 25.10 \u00b1 12.42 and 6.02 \u00b1 2.97, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings support the clinical effectiveness of tigecycline against commonly causative bacteria in COPD exacerbations and highlight its sufficient lung penetration in pulmonary infections of moderate severity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12020307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T02:35:10Z","timestamp":1675391710000},"page":"307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tigecycline Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profile in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2358-2117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Kipourou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Department, 424 General Military Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0004-4866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Begou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Manika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, 54629 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Ismailos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental-Research Center ELPEN, ELPEN Pharmaceuticals, Leoforos Marathonos 95, 19009 Pikermi, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paschalina","family":"Kontou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Intensive Care Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, 54629 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7426-0890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgia","family":"Pitsiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Failure Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, 54629 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1893-937X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Gika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Laboratory of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54224 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Kioumis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor Emeritus, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Euromedica, Geniki Kliniki, 54645, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl224","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the tetracyclines including glycylcyclines","volume":"58","author":"Agwuh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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