{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:49:05Z","timestamp":1792802945701,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]],"date-time":"2023-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union H2020","award":["773436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["773436"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimicrobial residues may pose harmful effects on the health of consumers. At the same time, an adequate quality of drinking water for animals is one of the important element to ensure animal welfare and food without antibacterials. The presented study is aimed at estimating the residue levels of antibacterial compounds, such as penicillins, cephalosporin, macrolides, tetracyclines, quinolones, sulphonamides, aminoglycosides, diaminopirymidines, pleuromutilines and lincosamides in meat and on-farm drinking water samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS), as a part of a surveillance system on pig and broiler farms within the project Healthy Livestock. A total of 870 samples of muscle from pig and broiler, as well as 229 water samples were analysed for antibiotic residues. Samples were collected from farms in EU countries in two steps, before and after implementation of a tailor-made health plan. In muscle samples, the detected concentrations of doxycycline in the post-intervention step (15.9\u201370.8 \u00b5g\/kg) were lower than concentrations in the pre-intervention step (20.6\u2013100 \u00b5g\/kg). In water samples, doxycycline in an average concentration of 119 \u00b5g\/L in the pre- and 23.1 \u00b5g\/L in the post-intervention step, as well as enrofloxacin at concentrations of 170 \u00b5g\/L in the pre- and 1.72 \u00b5g\/L in the post-intervention step were quantified. Amoxicillin was only present before intervention. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the intervention actions. The concentrations of antibiotics in muscles and water were lower after implementation of a health plan on the farms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12020326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T03:34:30Z","timestamp":1675654470000},"page":"326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Analysis of Antimicrobials in Muscle and Drinking Water in Terms of Reducing the Need of Antimicrobial Use by Increasing the Health and Welfare of Pig and Broiler"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Gajda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6716-8436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"B\u0142\u0105dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7463-5792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Gbylik-Sikorska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9520-3027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewelina","family":"Nowacka-Kozak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyriacos","family":"Angastiniotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitatrace Nutrition Ltd., 18 Propylaion Street, Strovolos Industrial Estate, 2033 Strovolos, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maro","family":"Simitopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitatrace Nutrition Ltd., 18 Propylaion Street, Strovolos Industrial Estate, 2033 Strovolos, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Kefalas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuevo Group, 32009 Schimatari, Viotia, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Animal Production, Viale Timavo 43\/2, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3232-8209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Levallois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oniris, INRAE, BIOEPAR, 44300 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7079-0955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Fourichon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oniris, INRAE, BIOEPAR, 44300 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maaike","family":"Wolthuis-Fillerup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen University & Research, Animal Welfare & Adaptation, 6700 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kees","family":"De Roest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Animal Production, Viale Timavo 43\/2, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramatla, T., Ngoma, L., Adetunji, M., and Mwanza, M. 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