{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T10:45:03Z","timestamp":1794221103508,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["1R01-AI165671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01-AI165671"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R56AI158511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56AI158511"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a devastating pathogen responsible for a variety of life-threatening infections. A distinctive characteristic of this pathogen is its ability to persist in the bloodstream for several days despite seemingly appropriate antibiotics. Persistent MRSA bacteremia is common and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. The etiology of persistent MRSA bacteremia is a result of the complex interplay between the host, the pathogen, and the antibiotic used to treat the infection. In this review, we explore the factors related to each component of the host\u2013pathogen interaction and discuss the clinical relevance of each element. Next, we discuss the treatment options and diagnostic approaches for the management of persistent MRSA bacteremia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12030455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T03:29:48Z","timestamp":1677468588000},"page":"455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Persistent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Host, Pathogen, and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0589-3587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua B.","family":"Parsons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette C.","family":"Westgeest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2155-8375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian P.","family":"Conlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Vance G.","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA"},{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6809e1","article-title":"Vital Signs: Epidemiology and Recent Trends in Methicillin-Resistant and in Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections\u2014United States","volume":"68","author":"Kourtis","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. 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