{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T07:52:14Z","timestamp":1777967534728,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Laboratory of Management of Animal Production\u2019s Health and Quality, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Univ. Manouba, Tunisia","award":["LR14AGR03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LR14AGR03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-typhoid Salmonella is one of the major causes of food-borne infections worldwide. The aim of the current study is to determine the serotype occurrence, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella isolated from hospitalized patients. The identification of Salmonella strains was performed according to REMIC, 2018. The susceptibility of Salmonella isolates was assessed against 20 antimicrobials using the disk diffusion method. Some virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes were identified using PCR. Among the 61 isolated Salmonella strains, seven serotypes were identified and all were positive for the virulence genes invA, mgtC and sirA. Critical resistance rates (&gt;40%) were detected for tetracycline, nalidixic acid, amoxicillin and fluoroquinolones. However, resistances to ertapenem, ceftazidim, aztreonam and colistin were null. In addition, 33% of the isolated strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Moreover, 80% and 60% of S. Kentucky isolates were identified as fluoroquinolone-resistant and MDR strains, respectively. The qnrB gene was amplified in 63.2% of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains. The dfrA1 gene was identified in 20% (4\/20) of the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistant strains and the integrase Class 2 gene was amplified in only 8.2% (5\/61) of the isolates. Our findings highlight the emergence of MDR Salmonella isolates. A rationalization of antimicrobial use is urgently recommended in both human and veterinary medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12030526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T02:07:38Z","timestamp":1678154858000},"page":"526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Serotype Occurrence, Virulence Profiles, Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Hospitalized Patients with Gastroenteritis in Great Tunisia between 2010 and 2020"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Walid","family":"Oueslati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Management of Animal Production\u2019s Health and Quality, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University Manouba, La Manouba 2010, Tunisia"},{"name":"Departments of Animal Production, National Agronomic Institute, University Carthage, Carthage 1054, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ridha Rjeibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University Manouba, La Manouba 2010, Tunisia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Research Institute, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9154-481X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayet","family":"Benyedem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University Manouba, La Manouba 2010, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mounir","family":"Jebali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Management of Animal Production\u2019s Health and Quality, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University Manouba, La Manouba 2010, Tunisia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Microorganisms and Environment, Molecular Diagnostic Tools and Emerging and Re-Emerging Infections, Military Hospital of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Souissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Management of Animal Production\u2019s Health and Quality, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University Manouba, La Manouba 2010, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachid","family":"Selmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University Manouba, La Manouba 2010, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed S\u00e9lim","family":"El Asli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microorganisms and Environment, Molecular Diagnostic Tools and Emerging and Re-Emerging Infections, Military Hospital of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunis 1008, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farouk","family":"Barguellil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microorganisms and Environment, Molecular Diagnostic Tools and Emerging and Re-Emerging Infections, Military Hospital of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunis 1008, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdelfettah","family":"Ettriqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Management of Animal Production\u2019s Health and Quality, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University Manouba, La Manouba 2010, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812000180","article-title":"An outbreak of Salmonella Infantis gastroenteritis in a residential aged care facility associated with thickened fluids","volume":"140","author":"Najjar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epidemiol. 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