{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T13:40:35Z","timestamp":1775914835635,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SOFI 2021"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibiotic tolerance is associated with antibiotic treatment failure, and molecular mechanisms underlying tolerance are poorly understood. We recently succeeded in inducing tolerance to ceftriaxone (CRO) in an N. gonorrhoeae reference isolate. In a prior in vitro study, six biological replicates of WHO P strains were exposed to CRO (10\u00d7 the MIC) followed by overnight growth, and tolerance was assessed using a modified Tolerance Disc (T.D.) test. In the current study, we characterized the mutation profile of these CRO-tolerant phenotypes. The whole genome was sequenced from isolates from different replicates and time points. We identified mutations in four genes that may contribute to ceftriaxone tolerance in N. gonorrhoeae, including a mutation in the enolase (eno) gene that arose independently in three lineages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12030534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T05:01:12Z","timestamp":1678251672000},"page":"534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Enolase Is Implicated in the Emergence of Gonococcal Tolerance to Ceftriaxone"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8421-5137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheeba Santhini","family":"Manoharan-Basil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/STI Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaux","family":"Balduck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/STI Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9620-8257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sa\u00efd","family":"Abdellati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Reference Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zina","family":"Gestels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/STI Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tessa","family":"de Block","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Reference Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2557-8998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Kenyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/STI Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0128-6","article-title":"Gonorrhoea","volume":"5","author":"Unemo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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