{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T05:10:10Z","timestamp":1791090610636,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) made by green synthesis offer a variety of biochemical properties and are an excellent alternative to traditional medications due to their low cost. In the current study, we synthesised AgNPs from the leaf extract of the medicinal plant Uvaria narum, commonly called narumpanal. The nanoparticles were characterised by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). SEM analysis showed AgNPs are highly crystalline and spherical with an average diameter of 7.13 nm. The outstanding catalytic activity of AgNPs was demonstrated by employing the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. The AgNPs showed antiangiogenic activity in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. AgNPs demonstrated anticancer activity against Dalton\u2019s lymphoma ascites cells (DLA cells) in trypan blue assay and cytotoxicity against three fish cell lines: Oreochromis niloticus liver (onlL; National Repository of Fish Cell Lines, India (NRFC) Accession number\u2014NRFC052) cells, Cyprinus carpio koi fin (CCKF; NRFC Accession number\u2014NRFC007) cells and Cyprinus carpio gill (CyCKG; NRFC Accession number\u2014NRFC064). Furthermore, the AgNPs demonstrated their ability to inhibit pathogenic microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The results from the study displayed green synthesised AgNPs exhibit antiangiogenic activity, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and catalytic properties, which are crucial characteristics of a molecule with excellent clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12030564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T05:36:21Z","timestamp":1678685781000},"page":"564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Leaf Extract of the Medicinal Plant, Uvaria narum and Its Antibacterial, Antiangiogenic, Anticancer and Catalytic Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8659-0245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthyalam Parambil","family":"Ajaykumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bio-Nanomaterial, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Palakkad 679303, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjaly","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Kerala 679303, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayanam Parambath","family":"Chandni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Kerala 679303, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudhir Rama","family":"Varma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences Department, Centre for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9023-8853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kodangattil Narayanan","family":"Jayaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Sciences Department, Centre for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ovungal","family":"Sabira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bio-Nanomaterial, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Palakkad 679303, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vazhanthodi Abdul","family":"Rasheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bio-Nanomaterial, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Palakkad 679303, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valiyaparambil Sivadasan","family":"Binitha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Sree Narayana College, Kerala 680566, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thangaraj Raja","family":"Swaminathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peninsular Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), ICAR CMFRI Campus, Kochi 682018, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valaparambil Saidumohammad","family":"Basheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peninsular Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), ICAR CMFRI Campus, Kochi 682018, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7595-1359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suvendu","family":"Giri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus of Anna University, Chennai 600025, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4413-9760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suvro","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus of Anna University, Chennai 600025, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.4236\/jmp.2015.68111","article-title":"Optical Properties of Silver Nanoparticles for Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)-Based Biosensor Applications","volume":"6","author":"Mahmudin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2017.1345930","article-title":"Indigofera tinctoria Leaf Extract Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles and Assessment of Their Anticancer, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Catalytic Properties","volume":"46","author":"Vijayan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2014.02.030","article-title":"Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Delphinium denudatum Root Extract Exhibits Antibacterial and Mosquito Larvicidal Activities","volume":"127","author":"Suresh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta. A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s13204-015-0459-x","article-title":"Novel Fluorescent Silver Nanoparticles: Sensitive and Selective Turn off Sensor for Cadmium Ions","volume":"6","author":"Makwana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Nanosci."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"16","article-title":"Rapid Synthesis of Silver Nano Particles Capped In Starch and its Anti\u2013Mold Activity","volume":"9","author":"Nnemeka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Innov. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solmat.2009.07.014","article-title":"Influence of Localized Surface Plasmon Excitation in Silver Nanoparticles on the Performance of Silicon Solar Cells","volume":"93","author":"Temple","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2008.08.022","article-title":"Formation and Characterization of Surfactant Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles: A Kinetic Study","volume":"67","author":"Obaid","year":"2008","journal-title":"Coll. Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2009.05.030","article-title":"Studies on the Kinetics of Growth of Silver Nanoparticles in Different Surfactant Solutions","volume":"73","author":"Khan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Coll. Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1021\/ed084p322","article-title":"Synthesis and Study of Silver Nanoparticles","volume":"84","author":"Mulfinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Chem. Educ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2009.10.053","article-title":"Preparation of Porous Silver Particles Using Ammonium Formate and Its Formation Mechanism","volume":"156","author":"Won","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1351\/pac200072010083","article-title":"Reduction of Silver Nanoparticles in DMF. Formation of Monolayers and Stable Colloids","volume":"72","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4020(01)00906-1","article-title":"Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis-a Review","volume":"57","author":"Tierney","year":"2001","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2017.1345921","article-title":"Microwave Assisted Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Elephantopus scaber and Its Environmental and Biological Applications","volume":"46","author":"Francis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"185","article-title":"Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Microwave Irradiation and Investigation of Their Catalytic Activity","volume":"3","author":"Joseph","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res. J. Recent Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-019-1302-x","article-title":"Novel Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Clammy Cherry (Cordia obliqua Willd) Fruit Extract and Investigation on Its Catalytic and Antimicrobial Properties","volume":"1","author":"Saidu","year":"2019","journal-title":"SN Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"40","article-title":"phytochemical screening and in vitro cytotoxicity analysis of Uvaria narum (dunal) wall","volume":"2","author":"Smitha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian J. Phytomed. Clin. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.5530\/pj.2017.4.85","article-title":"Phyto-Pharmacognostical Studies and HPTLC Fingerprinting Profile of Uvaria narum (Dunal) Wall. Ex Wight","volume":"9","author":"Patil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patil, J., Tatiya, A., Wadekar, R., Girase, T., and Patel, K. (2022). Phytochemistry of Uvaria Narum: A Multifaceted Perspec tive and Ethnopharmacological Potential. Chem. Proc., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ecsoc-26-13670"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10955","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-22879-z","article-title":"Evaluation of Acute Toxicity Response to the Algae Chlorella Pyrenoidosa of Biosynthetic Silver Nanoparticles Catalysts","volume":"30","author":"Qiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-018-9471-1","article-title":"Increased Plasma Nitrite and von Willebrand Factor Indicates Early Diagnosis of Vascular Diseases in Chemotherapy Treated Cancer Patients","volume":"19","author":"Giri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2004.837339","article-title":"Robust Quantification of in Vitro Angiogenesis through Image Analysis","volume":"24","author":"Niemisto","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967802","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/967802","article-title":"Microwave Assisted Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Rhizome Extract of Alpinia galanga and Evaluation of Their Catalytic and Antimicrobial Activities","volume":"2014","author":"Joseph","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nanopart."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86174","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA14173K","article-title":"Enlightening Surface Plasmon Resonance Effect of Metal Nanoparticles for Practical Spectroscopic Application","volume":"6","author":"Jana","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.5185\/amlett.2011.10312","article-title":"Biocompatible Synthesis Of Silver And Gold Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Dalbergia Sissoo","volume":"3","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15268","DOI":"10.1021\/la2034559","article-title":"Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol Using Biogenic Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Breynia rhamnoides","volume":"27","author":"Gangula","year":"2011","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.1021\/la902950x","article-title":"Photochemical green synthesis of calcium-alginate-stabilized ag and au nanoparticles and their catalytic application to 4-nitrophenol reduction","volume":"26","author":"Saha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"917","article-title":"Microwave-assisted green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Olibanum gum (Boswellia serrate) and its catalytic reduction of 4- nitrophenol and hexacyanoferrate (III) by sodium borohydride","volume":"28","author":"Gangapuram","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clust. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-7757(01)01040-8","article-title":"Silver nanoparticle catalyzed reduction of aromatic nitro compounds","volume":"196","author":"Pradhan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Coll. Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4724","DOI":"10.1021\/la980057n","article-title":"Organized media as redox catalysts","volume":"14","author":"Pal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2016.1203334","article-title":"Reducing Power of Eucalyptus Oleosa Leaf Extracts and Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using the Extract","volume":"20","author":"Pourmortazavi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Prop."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X.-F., Liu, Z.-G., Shen, W., and Gurunathan, S. (2016). Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, Applications, and Therapeutic Approaches. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17091534"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"FSO318","DOI":"10.4155\/fsoa-2018-0051","article-title":"Recent Progress toward Antiangiogenesis Application of Nanomedicine in Cancer Therapy","volume":"4","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Sci. OA"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6690","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b12524","article-title":"Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as an Antitumoral-Angiogenesis Strategy","volume":"9","author":"Setyawati","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.08.008","article-title":"Antiangiogenic Properties of Silver Nanoparticles","volume":"30","author":"Gurunathan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2011.01.011","article-title":"Mechanism of Anti-Angiogenic Property of Gold Nanoparticles: Role of Nanoparticle Size and Surface Charge","volume":"7","author":"Arvizo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-014-0445-8","article-title":"Inhibitory Activity of Gold and Silica Nanospheres to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-Mediated Angiogenesis Is Determined by Their Sizes","volume":"7","author":"Jo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.03.035","article-title":"Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from the Root Hair Extract of Phoenix dactylifera","volume":"89","author":"Oves","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2017.1414824","article-title":"Potential Anticancer Activity of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Rhynchosia suaveolens: An Insight into the Mechanism","volume":"46","author":"Bethu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8996","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.45413","article-title":"Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Medical Applications and Biosafety","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-013-9720-3","article-title":"Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Silica Nanoparticles Using Fish Cell Lines","volume":"50","author":"Vo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2009.07.019","article-title":"Evaluation of the toxic impact of silver nanoparticles on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)","volume":"94","author":"Chae","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2009.11.014","article-title":"Effects of silver nanoparticles on the development and histopathology biomarkers of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) using the partial-life test","volume":"100","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293784","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/293784","article-title":"In vivo toxicity of silver nanoparticles and silver ions in zebra fish (Danio rerio)","volume":"2012","author":"Bilberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2009.12.012","article-title":"Induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis by silver nanoparticles in the liver of adult zebra fish","volume":"100","author":"Choi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1897\/08-002.1","article-title":"Effects of particle composition and species on toxicity of metallic nanomaterials in aquatic organisms","volume":"27","author":"Griffitt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"76","article-title":"Toxicity comparison of colloidal silver nanoparticles in various life stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"12","author":"Johari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran. J. Fish. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.709","article-title":"Effects of chronic nanoparticulate silver exposure to adult and juvenile sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus)","volume":"31","author":"Griffitt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"93","article-title":"The physiology of waterborne silver toxicity in freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): 1. The effects of ionic Ag+ Aquat","volume":"35","author":"Wood","year":"1996","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620150713","article-title":"Toxicity, silver accumulation and metallothionein induction in freshwater rainbow trout during exposure to different silver salts","volume":"15","author":"Hogstrand","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12566","article-title":"and Nithianantham, S.R. Comprehensive update on inventory of finfish cell lines developed during the last decade (2010\u20132020)","volume":"13","author":"Thangaraj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Aquacult."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"262","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of cellular responses induced by ZnO na-noparticles, zinc ions and bulk ZnO in fish cells","volume":"452\u2013453","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.3109\/17435390.2013.790997","article-title":"Species-specific toxicity of copper nanoparticles among mammalian and piscine cell lines","volume":"8","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"41","article-title":"In vitro assay for the toxicity of silver na-noparticles using heart and gill cell lines of Catla catla and gill cell line of Labeo rohita","volume":"161","author":"Taju","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comp. Bio-Chem. Physiol. Pt. C"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5386","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120505386","article-title":"Comparative Cyto-toxicity Study of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a Variety of Rainbow Trout Cell Lines (RTL-W1, RTH-149, RTG-2) and Primary Hepatocytes","volume":"12","author":"Connolly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2015.11.016","article-title":"Silver Nanoparticles: A New View on Mechanistic Aspects on Antimicrobial Activity","volume":"12","author":"Seabra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"329","article-title":"Microwave-assisted greener synthesis of Silver nanoparticles using Entada rheedii leaf extract and investigation of its anticancer and antimicrobial properties","volume":"13","author":"Mathew","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Nano Dimens."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/16\/10\/059","article-title":"The Bactericidal Effect of Silver Nanoparticles","volume":"16","author":"Morones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"}],"container-title":["Antibiotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/12\/3\/564\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:53:39Z","timestamp":1760122419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/12\/3\/564"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["antibiotics12030564"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics12030564","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]}}}