{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:25:28Z","timestamp":1793406328469,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals (ACEIDHA)","award":["P151847"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P151847"]}]},{"name":"Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals (ACEIDHA)","award":["JP223fa627005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP223fa627005"]}]},{"name":"Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals (ACEIDHA)","award":["JP21wm0125008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21wm0125008"]}]},{"name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["P151847"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P151847"]}]},{"name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["JP223fa627005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP223fa627005"]}]},{"name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["JP21wm0125008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21wm0125008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The presence of antimicrobial-resistant Enterococci in poultry is a growing public health concern worldwide due to its potential for transmission to humans. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance and to detect drug-resistant genes in Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium in poultry from four districts in Zambia. Identification of Enterococci was conducted using phenotypic methods. Antimicrobial resistance was determined using the disc diffusion method and antimicrobial resistance genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction and gene-specific primers. The overall prevalence of Enterococci was 31.1% (153\/492, 95% CI: 27.1\u201335.4). Enterococcus faecalis had a significantly higher prevalence at 37.9% (58\/153, 95% CI: 30.3\u201346.1) compared with E. faecium, which had a prevalence of 10.5% (16\/153, 95% CI: 6.3\u201316.7). Most of the E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates were resistant to tetracycline (66\/74, 89.2%) and ampicillin and erythromycin (51\/74, 68.9%). The majority of isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (72\/74, 97.3%). The results show that poultry are a potential source of multidrug-resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium strains, which can be transmitted to humans. Resistance genes in the Enterococcus species can also be transmitted to pathogenic bacteria if they colonize the same poultry, thus threatening the safety of poultry production, leading to significant public health concerns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12040657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T02:11:40Z","timestamp":1679969500000},"page":"657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Determination of the Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Associated with Poultry in Four Districts in Zambia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Grace","family":"Mwikuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Kitwe Teaching Hospital, Kitwe 10101, Zambia"},{"name":"Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henson","family":"Kainga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe 207203, Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1677-6770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simegnew Adugna","family":"Kallu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chie","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan"},{"name":"International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido 19 University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan"},{"name":"Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido 19 University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1313-1494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuhiko","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan"},{"name":"International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido 19 University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan"},{"name":"Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido 19 University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard Mudenda","family":"Hang\u2019ombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ludwig, W., Schleifer, K.H., and Whitman, W.B. 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