{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:00:17Z","timestamp":1787068817277,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","award":["18\/02768"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18\/02768"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC)","award":["18\/02768"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18\/02768"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of antibiotics for the treatment of diabetic foot infections (DFIs) over an extended period of time has been shown to be associated with adverse events (AEs), whereas interactions with concomitant patient medications must also be considered. The objective of this narrative review was to summarize the most frequent and most severe AEs reported in prospective trials and observational studies at the global level in DFI. Gastrointestinal intolerances were the most frequent AEs, from 5% to 22% among all therapies; this was more common when prolonged antibiotic administration was combined with oral beta-lactam or clindamycin or a higher dose of tetracyclines. The proportion of symptomatic colitis due to Clostridium difficile was variable depending on the antibiotic used (0.5% to 8%). Noteworthy serious AEs included hepatotoxicity due to beta-lactams (5% to 17%) or quinolones (3%); cytopenia\u2019s related to linezolid (5%) and beta-lactams (6%); nausea under rifampicin, and renal failure under cotrimoxazole. Skin rash was found to rarely occur and was commonly associated with the use of penicillins or cotrimoxazole. AEs from prolonged antibiotic use in patients with DFI are costly in terms of longer hospitalization or additional monitoring care and can trigger additional investigations. The best way to prevent AEs is to keep the duration of antibiotic treatment short and with the lowest dose clinically necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12040774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T01:39:05Z","timestamp":1681868345000},"page":"774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Epidemiology of Antibiotic-Related Adverse Events in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infections: A Narrative Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0649-3785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Soldevila-Boixader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s\/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Research Network for Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Infectiology, Unit for Clinical and Applied Research, Balgrist University Hospital, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Murillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s\/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Research Network for Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3991-8743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix W. A.","family":"Waibel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy, Balgrist University Hospital, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madlaina","family":"Sch\u00f6ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7129-2544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahim","family":"Lalji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EBPI-UWZH Musculoskeletal Epidemiology Research Group, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"University Spine Centre Zurich (UWZH), Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5552-0973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilker","family":"U\u00e7kay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectiology, Unit for Clinical and Applied Research, Balgrist University Hospital, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3165","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3165","article-title":"Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors for Amputation in Diabetic Foot Infections","volume":"35","author":"Sen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. 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