{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T15:02:18Z","timestamp":1793026938414,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010100","name":"\u00d8stfold Hospital Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AB3417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AB3417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010100","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Development of antibiotic resistance, a threat to global health, is driven by inappropriate antibiotic usage. Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are frequently treated empirically with antibiotics, despite the fact that a majority of the infections are caused by viruses. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic treatment in hospitalized adults with viral RTIs, and to investigate factors influencing the antibiotic decision-making. We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients \u2265 18 years, hospitalized in 2015\u20132018 with viral RTIs. Microbiological data were taken from the laboratory information system and information on antibiotic treatment drawn from the hospital records. To investigate decisions for prescribing antibiotic treatment, we evaluated relevant factors such as laboratory and radiological results, in addition to clinical signs. In 951 cases without secondary bacterial RTIs (median age 73 years, 53% female), 720 (76%) were prescribed antibiotic treatment, most frequently beta-lactamase-sensitive penicillins, but cephalosporins were prescribed as first-line in 16% of the cases. The median length of treatment (LOT) in the patients treated with antibiotics was seven days. Patients treated with antibiotics had an average of two days longer hospital stay compared to patients with no such treatment, but no difference in mortality was found. Our study revealed that there is still a role for antimicrobial stewardship to further improve antibiotic use in patients admitted for viral RTIs in a country with relatively low antibiotic consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12040788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T03:01:48Z","timestamp":1682046108000},"page":"788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Antibiotic Consumption in a Cohort of Hospitalized Adults with Viral Respiratory Tract Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6342-2601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Debes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Laboratory Medicine, \u00d8stfold Hospital Trust Kalnes, 1714 Gr\u00e5lum, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7111-0723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon Birger","family":"Haug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Control, \u00d8stfold Hospital Trust Kalnes, 1714 Gr\u00e5lum, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgitte Freiesleben","family":"De Blasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Department of Methods Development and Analytics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biostatistics, Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas Christoffer","family":"Lindstr\u00f8m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Department of Methods Development and Analytics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine Monceyron","family":"Jonassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5047-4982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne Gjeruldsen","family":"Dudman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"271","article-title":"Pandrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: A systematic review of current epidemiology, prognosis and treatment options","volume":"75","author":"Karakonstantis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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