{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T03:05:52Z","timestamp":1773975952916,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009139","name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TTU 09.710"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TTU 09.710"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Current treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis using doxycycline and azithromycin introduces detrimental side effects on the host\u2019s microbiota. As a potential alternative treatment, the myxobacterial natural product sorangicin A (SorA) blocks the bacterial RNA polymerase. In this study we analyzed the effectiveness of SorA against C. trachomatis in cell culture, and explanted fallopian tubes and systemic and local treatment in mice, providing also pharmacokinetic data on SorA. Potential side effects of SorA on the vaginal and gut microbiome were assessed in mice and against human-derived Lactobacillus species. SorA showed minimal inhibitory concentrations of 80 ng\/mL (normoxia) to 120 ng\/mL (hypoxia) against C. trachomatis in vitro and was eradicating C. trachomatis at a concentration of 1 \u00b5g\/mL from fallopian tubes. In vivo, SorA reduced chlamydial shedding by more than 100-fold within the first days of infection by topical application corresponding with vaginal detection of SorA only upon topical treatment, but not after systemic application. SorA changed gut microbial composition during intraperitoneal application only and did neither alter the vaginal microbiota in mice nor affect growth of human-derived lactobacilli. Additional dose escalations and\/or pharmaceutical modifications will be needed to optimize application of SorA and to reach sufficient anti-chlamydial activity in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12050795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T04:01:23Z","timestamp":1682308883000},"page":"795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sorangicin A Is Active against Chlamydia in Cell Culture, Explanted Fallopian Tubes, and Topical In Vivo Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2546-2223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Graspeuntner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems, 23538 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Koethke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celeste","family":"Scholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Semmler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariia","family":"Lupatsii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Kirchhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3398-9938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8020-1384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Rox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Wittstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadja","family":"K\u00e4ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems, 23538 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars C.","family":"Hanker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Schleswig Holstein, 23538 Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7284-8671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Stadler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8971-7045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Br\u00f6nstrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1042-5665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rolf","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5357-4230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kensuke","family":"Shima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Rupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems, 23538 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.18.228486","article-title":"Chlamydia, Gonorrhoea, Trichomoniasis and Syphilis: Global Prevalence 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