{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:56:24Z","timestamp":1790042184688,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although aminoglycosides are frequently prescribed to neonates and children, the ability to reach effective and safe target concentrations with the currently used dosing regimens remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the target attainment of the currently used dosing regimens for gentamicin in neonates and children. We conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study in neonates and children receiving gentamicin between January 2019 and July 2022, in the Beatrix Children\u2019s Hospital. The first gentamicin concentration used for therapeutic drug monitoring was collected for each patient, in conjunction with information on dosing and clinical status. Target trough concentrations were \u22641 mg\/L for neonates and \u22640.5 mg\/L for children. Target peak concentrations were 8\u201312 mg\/L for neonates and 15\u201320 mg\/L for children. In total, 658 patients were included (335 neonates and 323 children). Trough concentrations were outside the target range in 46.2% and 9.9% of neonates and children, respectively. Peak concentrations were outside the target range in 46.0% and 68.7% of neonates and children, respectively. In children, higher creatinine concentrations were associated with higher gentamicin trough concentrations. This study corroborates earlier observational studies showing that, with a standard dose, drug concentration targets were met in only approximately 50% of the cases. Our findings show that additional parameters are needed to improve target attainment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12050810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T04:27:02Z","timestamp":1682396822000},"page":"810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evaluation of Dosing Guidelines for Gentamicin in Neonates and Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Esther M.","family":"Hollander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eline L.","family":"van Tuinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth H.","family":"Sch\u00f6lvinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Beatrix Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klasien A.","family":"Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5754-3821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arno R.","family":"Bourgonje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0330-4283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Gracchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Beatrix Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin C. J.","family":"Kneyber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Peadiatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Beatrix Children\u2019s Hospital Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1429-4789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daan J.","family":"Touw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3551-1201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Mian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kinderformularium (2022, November 30). 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