{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T03:05:44Z","timestamp":1789614344330,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003762","name":"Institut Pasteur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24519E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24519E"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003762","name":"Institut Pasteur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["024598E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["024598E"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France","award":["24519E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24519E"]}]},{"name":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France","award":["024598E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["024598E"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Beta-lactams are the main antibiotics for the treatment of invasive meningococcal disease. However, reduced susceptibility to penicillin G is increasingly reported in Neisseria meningitidis and reduced susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporines (3GC) and the rare acquisition of ROB-1 beta-lactamase were also described. Modifications of penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2) encoded by the penA gene are the main described mechanism for the reduced susceptibility to penicillin and to other beta-lactams. penA modifications were analyzed using the sequences of all penA genes from cultured isolates between 2017\u20132021 in France (n = 1255). Data showed an increasing trend of reduced susceptibility to penicillin from 36% in 2017 to 58% in 2021. Reduced susceptibility to 3GC remained limited at 2.4%. We identified 74 different penA alleles and penA1 was the most frequent wild-type allele and represented 29% of all alleles while penA9 was the most frequently altered allele and represented 17% of all alleles. Reduced susceptibility to 3GC was associated with the penA327 allele. The amino acid sequences of wild-type and altered PBP2 were modeled. The critical amino acid substitutions were shown to change access to the active S310 residue and hence hinder the binding of beta-lactams to the active site of PBP2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12060992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T03:06:00Z","timestamp":1685588760000},"page":"992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Recent Evolution of Susceptibility to Beta-Lactams in Neisseria meningitidis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2887-1732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ala-Eddine","family":"Deghmane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, 75724 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0665-6671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, 75724 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0716-3174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhamed-Kheir","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, 75724 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45529-0","article-title":"Neisseria meningitidis: An overview of the carriage state","volume":"53","author":"Yazdankhah","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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