{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:25:39Z","timestamp":1792513539934,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Various studies have reported insufficient beta-lactam concentrations in critically ill patients. The optimal dosing strategy for beta-lactams in critically ill patients, particularly in septic patients, is an ongoing matter of discussion. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the success of software-guided empiric meropenem dosing (CADDy, Calculator to Approximate Drug-Dosing in Dialysis) with subsequent routine meropenem measurements and expert clinical pharmacological interpretations. Adequate therapeutic drug exposure was defined as concentrations of 8\u201316 mg\/L, whereas concentrations of 16\u201324 mg\/L were defined as moderately high and concentrations &gt;24 mg\/L as potentially harmful. A total of 91 patients received meropenem as a continuous infusion (229 serum concentrations), of whom 60% achieved 8\u201316 mg\/L, 23% achieved 16\u201324 mg\/L, and 10% achieved unnecessarily high and potentially harmful meropenem concentrations &gt;24 mg\/L in the first 48 h using the dosing software. No patient showed concentrations &lt;2 mg\/L using the dosing software in the first 48 h. With a subsequent TDM-guided dose adjustment, therapeutic drug exposure was significantly (p \u2264 0.05) enhanced to 70%. No patient had meropenem concentrations &gt;24 mg\/L with TDM-guided dose adjustments. The combined use of dosing software and consecutive TDM promised a high rate of adequate therapeutic drug exposures of meropenem in patients with sepsis and septic shock.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12071112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:25:21Z","timestamp":1687911921000},"page":"1112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Software- and TDM-Guided Dosing of Meropenem Promises High Rates of Target Attainment in Critically Ill Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4288-1745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ute","family":"Chiriac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 670, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1786-5919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9482-5094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Otto R.","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Heidenheim Hospital, Schlosshaustra\u00dfe 100, 89522 Heidenheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anka C.","family":"R\u00f6hr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Heidenheim Hospital, Schlosshaustra\u00dfe 100, 89522 Heidenheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Helbig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Heidenheim Hospital, Schlosshaustra\u00dfe 100, 89522 Heidenheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Hagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital\u2014Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07740 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4375-0923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uwe","family":"Liebchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus A.","family":"Weigand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Brinkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Heidenheim Hospital, Schlosshaustra\u00dfe 100, 89522 Heidenheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weinelt, F.A., Stegemann, M.S., Theloe, A., Pfafflin, F., Achterberg, S., Weber, F., Dubel, L., Mikolajewska, A., Uhrig, A., and Kiessling, P. 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