{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:47:21Z","timestamp":1790138841386,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: We aimed to describe the clinical features of Gram-negative bacillary (GNB) meningitis in neonates and investigate the risk factors associated with final adverse outcomes of neonatal GNB meningitis. Methods: From 2003 to 2020, all neonates (aged \u2264 90 days old) with bacterial meningitis who were hospitalized in four tertiary-level neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of two medical centers in Taiwan were enrolled. Neonates with GNB meningitis were compared with those with Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus, GBS) meningitis. Results: During the study period, a total of 153 neonates with bacterial meningitis were identified and enrolled. GNB and GBS accounted for 40.5% (n = 62) and 35.3% (n = 54) of all neonatal bacterial meningitis, respectively. In neonates with GNB meningitis, the final mortality rate was 6.5% (4 neonates died); 48 (77.4%) had neurological complications, and 26 (44.8%) of 58 survivors had neurological sequelae at discharge. Although the final outcomes were comparable between neonates with GNB meningitis and those with GBS meningitis, neonates with GNB meningitis were more likely to have more severe clinical manifestations initially and have ventriculomegaly at follow-up. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, neonates with seizure at onset, early onset sepsis, and requirement of surgical intervention for neurological complications were independently associated with final adverse outcomes. Conclusions: GNB meningitis was associated with a high risk of neurological complications and sequelae, although it did not significantly increase the final mortality rate. Close monitoring of the occurrence of neurological complications and advanced therapeutic strategies to optimize the outcomes are urgently needed in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12071131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:43:30Z","timestamp":1688085810000},"page":"1131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Clinical Characteristics, Microbiology and Risk Factors for Adverse Outcomes in Neonates with Gram-Negative Bacillary Meningitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mei-Chen","family":"Ou-Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0343-2370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Horng","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin 63812, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Ming","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng-Hong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 33382, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsuan-Rong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Min","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 33382, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren-Huei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0798-5378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jen-Fu","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ367","article-title":"Escherichia coli meningitis features in 325 children from 2001 to 2013 in France","volume":"61","author":"Basmaci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. 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