{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:54:07Z","timestamp":1792594447612,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,2]],"date-time":"2023-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00772\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00772\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The appearance of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL), and carbapenemase (KPC) has turned into a significant public health issue. ESBL- and KPC-producing K. pneumoniae\u2019s ability to form biofilms is a significant concern as it can promote the spread of antibiotic resistance and prolong infections in healthcare facilities. A total of 45 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from human infections. Antibiograms were performed for 17 antibiotics, ESBL production was tested by Etest ESBL PM\/PML, a rapid test was used to detect KPC carbapenemases, and resistance genes were detected by PCR. Biofilm production was detected by the microtiter plate method. A total of 73% of multidrug resistance was found, with the highest resistance rates to ampicillin, trimethoprim\u2013sulfamethoxazole, cefotaxime, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and aztreonam. Simultaneously, the most effective antibiotics were tetracycline and amikacin. blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, aac(3)-II, aadA1, tetA, cmlA, catA, gyrA, gyrB, parC, sul1, sul2, sul3, blaKPC, blaOXA, and blaPER genes were detected. Biofilm production showed that 80% of K. pneumoniae strains were biofilm producers. Most ESBL- and KPC-producing isolates were weak biofilm producers (40.0% and 60.0%, respectively). There was no correlation between the ability to form stronger biofilms and the presence of ESBL and KPC enzymes in K. pneumoniae isolates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12071143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:34:08Z","timestamp":1688344448000},"page":"1143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Evaluation of the Ability to Form Biofilms in KPC-Producing and ESBL-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Clinical Samples"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7317-9123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Saben\u00e7a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MicroART-Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliana","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Centre of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Clinical Pathology Department, 5000-508 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Centre of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Clinical Pathology Department, 5000-508 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9050-5189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lillian","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2354-8047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6365-0735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilberto","family":"Igrejas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3709-1690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0925-689X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Poeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MicroART-Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"CECAV\u2014Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wu, M., and Li, X. 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