{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T05:11:01Z","timestamp":1793337061201,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"French Agency for Food, Environmental, and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES)"},{"name":"OSU OREME (SO ECOPOP)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the fact that the selective pressure of antibiotics on wild birds is supposed to be very weak, they are considered potential vectors of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Obligate scavengers such as vultures can present high proportions of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) and multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, partially due to feeding stations that are provisioned with livestock carcasses from intensive farming. Here we investigated whether griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) from two populations located in the French Alps, which feed on livestock carcasses from extensive farms, may carry such resistant bacteria. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization showed an 11.8% proportion of ESC-resistant bacteria, including five extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and one AmpC-producing E. coli. The five ESBL-positive E. coli were clonal and all came from the same vulture population, proving their spread between animals. The ESBL phenotype was due to a blaCTX-M-15 gene located on the chromosome. Both ESBL- and AmpC-positive E. coli belonged to minor STs (ST212 and ST3274, respectively); interestingly, ST212 has already been identified in wild birds around the world, including vultures. These results suggest that actions are needed to mitigate the spread of MDR bacteria through wild birds, particularly in commensal species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12071160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:35:21Z","timestamp":1688949321000},"page":"1160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Occurrence of ESBL- and AmpC-Producing E. coli in French Griffon Vultures Feeding on Extensive Livestock Carcasses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1333-5603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa","family":"Haenni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Antibior\u00e9sistance et Virulence Bact\u00e9riennes, ANSES\u2014Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laetitia","family":"Du Fraysseix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Antibior\u00e9sistance et Virulence Bact\u00e9riennes, ANSES\u2014Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Fran\u00e7ois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Antibior\u00e9sistance et Virulence Bact\u00e9riennes, ANSES\u2014Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Drapeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Antibior\u00e9sistance et Virulence Bact\u00e9riennes, ANSES\u2014Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tristan","family":"Bralet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFE, Montpellier University, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 34090 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"ANSES\u2014Bacterial Zoonoses Unit, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Yves","family":"Madec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Antibior\u00e9sistance et Virulence Bact\u00e9riennes, ANSES\u2014Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Boulinier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFE, Montpellier University, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Duriez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFE, Montpellier University, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01167-19","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01167-19","article-title":"Wildlife is overlooked in the epidemiology of medically important antibiotic-resistant bacteria","volume":"63","author":"Dolejska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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