{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:58:02Z","timestamp":1790740682949,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,23]],"date-time":"2023-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fund for VQR Improvement assigned to the Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine, and Medical Specialties of the University of Palermo"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Streptococcus mitis, a normal inhabitant of the oral cavity, is a member of Viridans Group Streptococci (VGS). Generally recognized as a causative agent of invasive diseases in immunocompromised patients, S. mitis is considered to have low pathogenic potential in immunocompetent individuals. We present a rare case of sinusitis complicated by meningitis and cerebral sino-venous thrombosis (CSVT) caused by S. mitis in a previously healthy 12-year-old boy with poor oral health status. With the aim of understanding the real pathogenic role of this microorganism, an extensive review of the literature about invasive diseases due to S. mitis in pediatric patients was performed. Our data define the critical role of this microorganism in invasive infections, especially in immunocompetent children and in the presence of apparently harmful conditions such as sinusitis and caries. Attention should be paid to the choice of therapy because of VGS\u2019s emerging antimicrobial resistance patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12071222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:57:30Z","timestamp":1690160250000},"page":"1222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Streptococcus mitis as a New Emerging Pathogen in Pediatric Age: Case Report and Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Colomba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, \u201cG. Di Cristina\u201d Hospital, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Garbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Boncori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4544-154X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Albano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Bagarello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Condemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, \u201cG. Di Cristina\u201d Hospital, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura A.","family":"Canduscio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, \u201cG. Di Cristina\u201d Hospital, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology, \u201cG. Di Cristina\u201d Hospital, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaspare","family":"Parrinello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1992-1796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Cascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, AOU Policlinico \u201cP. Giaccone\u201d, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.4.613-630.2002","article-title":"What Happened to the Streptococci: Overview of Taxonomic and Nomenclature Changes","volume":"15","author":"Facklam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"741","article-title":"\u00d6nceden Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 Bir \u00c7ocukta Streptococcus mitis\u2019e Ba\u011fl\u0131 Menenjit ve Beyaz Cevher Lezyonlar\u0131 \u201cMeningitis and white matter lesions due to Streptococcus mitis in a previously healthy child\u201d","volume":"45","author":"Derundere","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mikrobiyol. 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