{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:29:11Z","timestamp":1760149751114,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32030105","BAIC05-2023","NCTIP-XD\/B05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32030105","BAIC05-2023","NCTIP-XD\/B05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing Innovation Consortium of Livestock Research System","award":["32030105","BAIC05-2023","NCTIP-XD\/B05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32030105","BAIC05-2023","NCTIP-XD\/B05"]}]},{"name":"National Pig Technology Innovation Center Leading Technology Projects","award":["32030105","BAIC05-2023","NCTIP-XD\/B05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32030105","BAIC05-2023","NCTIP-XD\/B05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The involvement of alterations in gut microbiota composition due to the use of antibiotics has been widely observed. However, a clear picture of the influences of gentamicin, which is employed for the treatment of bacterial diarrhea in animal production, are largely unknown. Here, we addressed this problem using piglet models susceptible to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4, which were treated with gentamicin. Gentamicin significantly alleviated diarrhea and intestinal injury. Through 16s RNS sequencing, it was found that gentamicin increased species richness but decreased community evenness. Additionally, clear clustering was observed between the gentamicin-treated group and the other groups. More importantly, with the establishment of a completely different microbial structure, a novel metabolite composition profile was formed. KEGG database annotation revealed that arachidonic acid metabolism and vancomycin resistance were the most significantly downregulated and upregulated pathways after gentamicin treatment, respectively. Meanwhile, we identified seven possible targets of gentamicin closely related to these two functional pathways through a comprehensive analysis. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that gentamicin therapy for diarrhea is associated with the downregulation of arachidonic acid metabolism. During this process, intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is induced, leading to increased levels of the vancomycin resistance pathway. An improved understanding of the roles of these processes will advance the conception and realization of new therapeutic and preventive strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12091349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T08:58:54Z","timestamp":1692694734000},"page":"1349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Gut Microbiota Characteristics of Diarrheal Piglets Treated with Gentamicin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lijun","family":"Shang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengjuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yushu","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai\u2019an 271000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziqi","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingyun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangfang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiyan","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad9358","article-title":"Antibiotic use and its consequences for the normal microbiome","volume":"352","author":"Blaser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4264","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00535-16","article-title":"A Pathogen-Selective Antibiotic Minimizes Disturbance to the Microbiome","volume":"60","author":"Yao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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