{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T18:37:26Z","timestamp":1776451046446,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) Mexico","award":["MOD.ORD.\/2012\/SSA\/IMSS\/ISSSTE-CONACYT\/000000000181384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOD.ORD.\/2012\/SSA\/IMSS\/ISSSTE-CONACYT\/000000000181384"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) Mexico","award":["202324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202324"]}]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA) of Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad An\u00e1huac M\u00e9xico Norte","award":["MOD.ORD.\/2012\/SSA\/IMSS\/ISSSTE-CONACYT\/000000000181384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOD.ORD.\/2012\/SSA\/IMSS\/ISSSTE-CONACYT\/000000000181384"]}]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA) of Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad An\u00e1huac M\u00e9xico Norte","award":["202324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202324"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nosocomial infections caused by Escherichia coli pose significant therapeutic challenges due to the high expression of genes encoding antimicrobial drug resistance. In this study, we investigated the conformation of the beta-lactam resistome responsible for the specific pattern of resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics. A total of 218 Escherichia coli strains were isolated from in-hospital patients diagnosed with nosocomial infections, obtained from various sources such as urine (n = 49, 22.48%), vaginal discharge (n = 46, 21.10%), catheter tips (n = 14, 6.42%), blood (n = 13, 5.96%), feces (n = 12, 5.50%), sputum (n = 11, 5.05%), biopsies (n = 8, 3.67%), cerebrospinal fluid (n = 2, 0.92%) and other unspecified discharges (n = 63, 28.90%). To characterize the beta-lactam resistome, all strains were subjected to antibiotic dilution tests and grown in beta-lactam antibiotics supplemented with Luria culture medium. Subsequently, multiplex PCR and next-generation sequencing were conducted. The results show a multi-drug-resistance phenotype, particularly against beta-lactam drugs. The primary determinant of this resistance was the expression of the blaTEM gene family, with 209 positive strains (95.87%) expressing it as a single gene (n = 47, 21.6%) or in combination with other genes. Common combinations included blaTEM + blaCTX (n = 42, 19.3%), blaTEM + blaCTX + blaSHV (n = 13, 6%) and blaTEM + blaCTX + blaBIL (n = 12, 5.5%), among others. The beta-lactam resistome of nosocomial Escherichia coli strains isolated from inpatients at the \u201cOctober first\u201d Regional Hospital of ISSSTE was predominantly composed of members of the blaTEM gene family, expressed in various configurations along with different members of other beta-lactamase gene families.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12091355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T07:25:24Z","timestamp":1692775524000},"page":"1355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Characterization of Beta-Lactam Resistome of Escherichia coli Causing Nosocomial Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1982-7329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosalino","family":"V\u00e1zquez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad An\u00e1huac M\u00e9xico Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Hospital Regional \u201cPrimero de Octubre\u201d, ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07300, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selene Ivonne","family":"Larios-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Hospital Regional \u201cPrimero de Octubre\u201d, ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07300, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9635-5591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celia","family":"Pi\u00f1a-Leyva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Hospital Regional \u201cPrimero de Octubre\u201d, ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07300, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7170-0704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Lara-Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Hospital Regional \u201cPrimero de Octubre\u201d, ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07300, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3957-7918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tayde","family":"Guerrero-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Hospital Regional \u201cPrimero de Octubre\u201d, ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07300, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Bautista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Regional \u201cPrimero de Octubre\u201d, ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07300, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8481-2441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"G\u00f3mez-Conde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunobiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72420, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8083-9628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Antonio","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Hospital Regional \u201cPrimero de Octubre\u201d, ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07300, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtb.2017.01.019","article-title":"Nosocomial infections: Epidemiology, prevention, control and surveillance","volume":"7","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199401000-00013","article-title":"Influence of nosocomial infection on mortality rate in an intensive care unit","volume":"22","year":"1994","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2005.10.013","article-title":"Healthcare equipment as a source of nosocomial infection: A systematic review","volume":"63","author":"Schabrun","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Hosp. 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