{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:25:16Z","timestamp":1774311916329,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","award":["PNURSP2023R147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2023R147"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study aims to explore the phytochemical constitution and biological activities of Cleome felina L.f. (Cleomaceae). C. felina (leaves, stem, and root) extracts (acetone, methanol, and water) were qualitatively assessed for phytochemical presence. Methanolic leaves extract revealed more positive phyto-compounds among all the extracts; further, methanolic leaves extract was evaluated for FTIR, EDX, GCMS, antimicrobial assay, acute toxicity, and paracetamol-induced hepatoprotective activity in Wister albino rats. FTIR and EDX analysis unveiled important functional groups and elements in the leaves. GCMS analysis of methanolic leaves extract exposed 12 active phyto-compounds: major constituents detected were 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, formate-48.79%; 1-Decanol, 2-ethyl-13.40%; 1,6-Anhydro-\u03b2-d-talopyranose-12.49%; Ethene, 1,2-bis(methylthio)-7.22%; Decane-4.02%; 3-Methylene-7, 11-dimethyl-1-dodecene-3.085%; Amlexanox-2.50%; 1,2,3,4-Cyclopentanetetrol, (1\u03b1,2\u03b2,3\u03b2,4\u03b1)-2.07%; L-Cysteine S-sulfate-1.84%; n-Hexadecanoic acid-1.70%; and Flucarbazone-1.55%. The antimicrobial assay showed a moderate zone of inhibition against S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, and C. glabrata at 100 \u00b5L\/mL concentration. Additionally, acute toxicity revealed no behavioral sign of the toxic effect. The significant results were obtained for methanolic leaves extract (low-50 and high-100 mg\/kg b.wt. dose) for hepatoprotective activity, where it dramatically reduced serum blood biochemical markers (AST, ALT, ALP, Total bilirubin, and cholesterol) and exhibited elevated hepatic antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH) concentration with lipid peroxidation retardation. To conclude, C. felina methanolic leaves extract ameliorated important phytochemical compounds and showed significant antimicrobial and hepatoprotective efficacy; therefore, utilization of C. felina leaves suggested in pharmacological applications, and in numerous cosmetics, herbicides, and food industries, would be a great scope for future hepatoprotective drug designing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12101506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T11:56:49Z","timestamp":1696247809000},"page":"1506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Biological Characterization of Cleome felina L.f. Extracts for Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, and Hepatoprotective Activities in Wister Albino Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8586-1982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heena Yaqub","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of P.G. Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1954-7036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaik Kalimulla","family":"Niazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preparatory Health Sciences, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh 12611, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7633-2923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asmatanzeem","family":"Bepari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6784-9856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Anne Wong","family":"Cordero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5136-7609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shazima","family":"Sheereen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore 576104, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed Arif","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Science, Almaarefa University, Diriyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3406-1648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muthuraj","family":"Rudrappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of P.G. Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4920-6459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shashiraj Kariyellappa","family":"Nagaraja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of P.G. Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shekappa Ningappa","family":"Agadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of P.G. 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