{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T14:16:41Z","timestamp":1775485001154,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Oradea","award":["29 PFE\/30.12.2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["29 PFE\/30.12.2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: A possible solution to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is synergism with plants like Artemisia brevifolia Wall. ex DC. (2) Methods: Phytochemical quantification of extracts (n-hexane (NH), ethyl acetate (EA), methanol (M), and aqueous (Aq)) was performed using RP-HPLC and chromogenic assays. Extracts were screened against resistant clinical isolates via disc diffusion, broth dilution, the checkerboard method, time\u2013kill, and protein quantification assays. (3) Results: M extract had the maximum phenolic (15.98 \u00b1 0.1 \u03bcg GAE\/mgE) and flavonoid contents (9.93 \u00b1 0.5 \u03bcg QE\/mgE). RP-HPLC displayed the maximum polyphenols in the M extract. Secondary metabolite determination showed M extract to have the highest glycosides, alkaloids, and tannins. Preliminary resistance profiling indicated that selected isolates were resistant to cefixime (MIC 20\u201340 \u00b5g\/mL). Extracts showed moderate antibacterial activity (MIC 60\u2013100 \u00b5g\/mL). The checkerboard method revealed a total synergy between EA extract and cefixime with 10-fold reductions in cefixime dose against resistant P. aeruginosa and MRSA. Moreover, A. brevifolia extracts potentiated the antibacterial effect of cefixime after 6 and 9 h. The synergistic combination was non- to slightly hemolytic and could inhibit bacterial protein in addition to cefixime disrupting the cell wall, thus making it difficult for bacteria to survive. (4) Conclusion: A. brevifolia in combination with cefixime has the potential to inhibit AMR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12101553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T07:22:32Z","timestamp":1697786552000},"page":"1553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Artemisia brevifolia Wall. Ex DC Enhances Cefixime Susceptibility by Reforming Antimicrobial Resistance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Aroosa","family":"Zafar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan"},{"name":"Cadson College of Pharmacy, Kharian 50090, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusra","family":"Wasti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0237-8114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Majid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8929-2972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Durdana","family":"Muntaqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3236-1292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona Gabriela","family":"Bungau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6413-5957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ihsan ul","family":"Haq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3267","article-title":"The antibiotics market","volume":"9","author":"Hamad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. 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