{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T13:52:24Z","timestamp":1788961944825,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"INTA","award":["S.IGS22001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S.IGS22001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in environmental microorganisms, particularly in poly-extremophilic bacteria, remain underexplored and have received limited attention. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of ARGs and metal resistance genes (MRGs) in shotgun metagenome sequences obtained from water and salt crust samples collected from Lake Afdera and the Assale salt plain in the Danakil Depression, northern Ethiopia. Potential ARGs were characterized by the comprehensive antibiotic research database (CARD), while MRGs were identified by using BacMetScan V.1.0. A total of 81 ARGs and 39 MRGs were identified at the sampling sites. We found a copA resistance gene for copper and the \u03b2-lactam encoding resistance genes were the most abundant the MRG and ARG in the study area. The abundance of MRGs is positively correlated with mercury (Hg) concentration, highlighting the importance of Hg in the selection of MRGs. Significant correlations also exist between heavy metals, Zn and Cd, and ARGs, which suggests that MRGs and ARGs can be co-selected in the environment contaminated by heavy metals. A network analysis revealed that MRGs formed a complex network with ARGs, primarily associated with \u03b2-lactams, aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines. This suggests potential co-selection mechanisms, posing concerns for both public health and ecological balance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12121697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T05:28:21Z","timestamp":1701667701000},"page":"1697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Shotgun Metagenomics-Guided Prediction Reveals the Metal Tolerance and Antibiotic Resistance of Microbes in Poly-Extreme Environments in the Danakil Depression, Afar Region"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3867-0096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ermias Sissay","family":"Balcha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa P.O. Box 1560, Ethiopia"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9977-7060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Astrobiolog\u00eda (INTA-CSIC) Crtera, Ajalvir km 4 Torrej\u00f3n de Ardoz, P.O. Box 28850 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1496-2863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mesfin Tafesse","family":"Gemeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanuel Belayneh","family":"Bekele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa P.O. Box 1560, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8911-7971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sewunet","family":"Abera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Institute of Biology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9500, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Addis Ababa P.O. Box 2003, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Cavalazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg P.O. Box 524, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0704-1636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adugna Abdi","family":"Woldesemayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2016.05.006","article-title":"Selection of appropriate analytical tools to determine the potency and bioactivity of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance","volume":"6","author":"Dafale","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Anal."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2015.02.007","article-title":"The global threat of antimicrobial resistance: Science for intervention","volume":"6","author":"Roca","year":"2015","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Abraham, E.P. (1963). Comprehensive Biochemistry, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"World health organization (WHO) (2023, September 24). 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