{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:43:13Z","timestamp":1760150593065,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]],"date-time":"2023-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic granulomatous mycosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by traumatic inoculation with dematiaceous fungi. This disease primarily affects agricultural workers, who are mostly men. We present a case of chromoblastomycosis in a 63-year-old male farmer patient with dermatosis over 50 years of evolution, with warty, erythematous, and scaly plaques that predominate on the left hemithorax. Direct examination with potassium hydroxide (KOH) revealed numerous fumagoid cells. Amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1a) gene revealed that chromoblastomycosis was caused by Cladosporium cladosporioides. The chromoblastomycosis was treated with itraconazole and fluconazole without any improvement, and amphotericin B was administered with partial improvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12121713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T03:25:31Z","timestamp":1702265131000},"page":"1713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["From Child to Old Man: A Slowly Evolving Case of Chromoblastomycosis Caused by Cladosporium\u00a0cladosporioides"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9939-0771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Cerdeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Vithas, Grupo Hospitalario Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Dermatology Department, Hospital do Vithas, 36206 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"European Women\u2019s Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, 36700 Tui, Spain"},{"name":"Psychodermatology Task Force of the Ibero-Latin American College of Dermatology (CILAD), Buenos Aires C1091, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5656-0942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rigoberto","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda y Agentes Pat\u00f3genos, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Arenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Vithas, Grupo Hospitalario Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"European Women\u2019s Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, 36700 Tui, Spain"},{"name":"Psychodermatology Task Force of the Ibero-Latin American College of Dermatology (CILAD), Buenos Aires C1091, Argentina"},{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Micolog\u00eda, Hospital General \u201cDr. Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Sandoval-Tress","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Dermatolog\u00eda, Hospital General de Zona # 42 Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puerto Vallarta 48310, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fidencio","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Murillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermat\u00f3logo Practica Privada, Reynosa 87390, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luary Carolina","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Chavarr\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2577-9973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Xicohtencatl-Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Bacteriolog\u00eda Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Dr. Federico G\u00f3mez, Cuauht\u00e9moc 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8026-8995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Fida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Women\u2019s Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, 36700 Tui, Spain"},{"name":"Dermatology Department, Medical University of Tirana, U.M.T., 1001 Tirana, Albania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7298-158X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erick","family":"Martinez-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Vithas, Grupo Hospitalario Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"European Women\u2019s Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, 36700 Tui, Spain"},{"name":"Psychodermatology Task Force of the Ibero-Latin American College of Dermatology (CILAD), Buenos Aires C1091, Argentina"},{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y D\u00edaz Mir\u00f3n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13505","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology and clinical-laboratory aspects of chromoblastomycosis in Mato Grosso, Brazil","volume":"65","author":"Guevara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20187321","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis: An etiological, epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and treatment update","volume":"93","author":"Bittencourt","year":"2018","journal-title":"An. 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