{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T17:25:45Z","timestamp":1780593945442,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]],"date-time":"2023-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Use and Stewardship (AUS) branch of the California Department of Food and Agriculture"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For this study, antimicrobial susceptibility data for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin (S. Dublin)\u2014a well-known cattle-adapted pathogen with current concerns for multidrug resistance\u2014were recovered from cattle at the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (CAHFS) over the last three decades (1993\u20132019) and were evaluated using tools to capture diversity in antimicrobial resistance. For this purpose, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing was conducted for 247 clinical S. Dublin isolates. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles revealed a predominant core multidrug-resistant pattern in the three most common AMR profiles observed. Antimicrobial resistance richness, diversity, and similarity analysis revealed patterns for changes in AMR profiles for different age groups. Discriminant analysis using MIC log2-transformed data revealed changes in MIC for year groups, with a time-sequence pattern observed. Drivers for reduced susceptibility were observed for 3rd generation cephalosporins and quinolones observed for more recent year groups (2011\u20132015 and 2016\u20132019) when compared to older year groups (1993\u20131999 and 2000\u20132005). Together, these results highlight the changes in the diversity of AMR profiles, as well as changes in susceptibility of S. Dublin over time for critical antimicrobials of importance to both animals and humans, and support the need for continued monitoring and efforts that will support judicious use of antimicrobials, especially for these two drug classes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13010022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]],"date-time":"2023-12-25T03:42:12Z","timestamp":1703475732000},"page":"22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Salmonella enterica Serovar Dublin from Cattle in California from 1993 to 2019: Characterization and Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Diversity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2028-8761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard V.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather M.","family":"Fritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"Toohey-Kurth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, San Bernadino, CA 92411, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin A.","family":"Clothier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidson, K.E., Byrne, B.A., Pires AF, A., Magdesian, K.G., and Pereira, R.V. (2018). Antimicrobial resistance trends in fecal Salmonella isolates from northern California dairy cattle admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital, 2002\u20132016. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199928"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2017.10.005","article-title":"Salmonella in Dairy Cattle","volume":"34","author":"Holschbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2309.170136","article-title":"Epidemiology of Salmonella enterica Serotype Dublin Infections among Humans, United States, 1968\u20132013","volume":"23","author":"Harvey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"CDC (2019). 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