{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T08:47:02Z","timestamp":1793782022130,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Saskatchewan Agriculture Development Fund","award":["20180129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180129"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimicrobials are crucial for treating bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef feedlots. Evidence is needed to support antimicrobial use (AMU) decisions, particularly in the early part of the feeding period when BRD risk is highest. The study objective was to describe changes in prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of BRD bacterial pathogens at feedlot processing (1 day on feed (1DOF)), 12 days later (13DOF), and for a subset at 36DOF following metaphylactic antimicrobial treatment. Mixed-origin steer calves (n = 1599) from Western Canada were managed as 16 pens of 100 calves, receiving either tulathromycin (n = 1199) or oxytetracycline (n = 400) at arrival. Deep nasopharyngeal swabs collected at all time points underwent culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Variability in the pen-level prevalence of bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were observed over time, between years, and metaphylaxis options. Susceptibility to most antimicrobials was high, but resistance increased from 1DOF to 13DOF, especially for tetracyclines and macrolides. Simulation results suggested that sampling 20 to 30 calves per pen of 200 reflected the relative pen-level prevalence of the culture and AST outcomes of interest. Pen-level assessment of antimicrobial resistance early in the feeding period can inform the evaluation of AMU protocols and surveillance efforts and support antimicrobial stewardship in animal agriculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13040322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T10:58:31Z","timestamp":1712055511000},"page":"322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Variation in Pen-Level Prevalence of BRD Bacterial Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance Following Feedlot Arrival in Beef Calves"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3028-6652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer N.","family":"Abi Younes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9039-2666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John R.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3270-4032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon J. G.","family":"Otto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheryl P.","family":"Gow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7L 0Z2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia R.","family":"Woolums","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6239-4496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murray","family":"Jelinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey","family":"Lacoste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7152-4261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheryl L.","family":"Waldner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2015.05.008","article-title":"Use of Antimicrobial Metaphylaxis for the Control of Bovine Respiratory Disease in High-Risk Cattle","volume":"31","author":"Ives","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. 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