{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T09:25:10Z","timestamp":1787995510770,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation-Minciencias","award":["123080763958"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["123080763958"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>More than 70% of bacteria are resistant to all or nearly all known antimicrobials, creating the need for the development of new types of antimicrobials or the use of \u201clast-line\u201d antimicrobial therapies for the treatment of multi-resistant bacteria. These antibiotics include Glycopeptide (Vancomycin), Polymyxin (Colistin), Lipopeptide (Daptomycin), and Carbapenem (Meropenem). However, due to the toxicity of these types of molecules, it is necessary to develop new rapid methodologies to be used in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM). TDM could improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs by enabling a favorable clinical outcome. In this way, personalized antibiotic therapy emerges as a viable option, offering optimal dosing for each patient according to pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters. Various techniques are used for this monitoring, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and immunoassays. The objective of this study is the development and characterization by ELISA of specific polyclonal antibodies for the recognition of the antibiotics Vancomycin (glycopeptide), Colistin (polymyxin), Daptomycin (lipopeptide), and Meropenem (carbapenem) for future applications in the monitoring of these antibiotics in different fluids, such as human plasma. The developed antibodies are capable of recognizing the antibiotic molecules with good detectability, showing an IC50 of 0.05 nM for Vancomycin, 7.56 nM for Colistin, 183.6 nM for Meropenem, and 13.82 nM for Daptomycin. These antibodies offer a promising tool for the precise and effective therapeutic monitoring of these critical antibiotics, potentially enhancing treatment efficacy and patient safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13070600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T08:57:50Z","timestamp":1719478670000},"page":"600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Development and ELISA Characterization of Antibodies against the Colistin, Vancomycin, Daptomycin, and Meropenem: A Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Vivian","family":"Garzon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Programme of Biosciences, Universidad de La Sabana, Ch\u00eda 140013, Colombia"},{"name":"Therapeutic Evidence Group, Clinical Pharmacology, Universidad de La Sabana, Ch\u00eda 140013, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.-Pablo","family":"Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08034 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4064-1668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.-Pilar","family":"Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08034 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"G.-Pinacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutic Evidence Group, Clinical Pharmacology, Universidad de La Sabana, Ch\u00eda 140013, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0243-2299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa-Helena","family":"Bustos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutic Evidence Group, Clinical Pharmacology, Universidad de La Sabana, Ch\u00eda 140013, Colombia"},{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Universidad de La Sabana, Ch\u00eda 140013, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aljeldah, M.M. 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