{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T02:40:44Z","timestamp":1793673644316,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Enterococci commonly cause nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSIs), and the global incidence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) BSIs is rising. This study aimed to assess the risk factors for enterococcal BSIs and 30-day mortality, stratified by Enterococcus species, vancomycin resistance, and treatment appropriateness. We conducted a retrospective cohort study (2014\u20132021) including all hospitalized adult patients with at least one blood culture positive for Enterococcus faecalis or Enterococcus faecium. We included 584 patients with enterococcal BSI: 93 were attributed to vancomycin-resistant E. faecium. The overall 30-day mortality was 27.5%; higher in cases of BSI due to vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (36.6%) and vancomycin-sensitive E. faecium (31.8%) compared to E. faecalis BSIs (23.2%) (p = 0.016). This result was confirmed by multivariable Cox analysis. Independent predictors of increased mortality included the PITT score, complicated bacteremia, and age (HR = 1.269, p &lt; 0.001; HR = 1.818, p &lt; 0.001; HR = 1.022, p = 0.005, respectively). Conversely, male gender, consultation with infectious disease (ID) specialists, and appropriate treatment were associated with reduced mortality (HR = 0.666, p = 0.014; HR = 0.504, p &lt; 0.001; HR = 0.682, p = 0.026, respectively). In conclusion, vancomycin-resistant E. faecium bacteremia is independently associated with a higher risk of 30-day mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13070601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T08:57:50Z","timestamp":1719478670000},"page":"601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Risk Factors for 30-Day Mortality in Nosocomial Enterococcal Bloodstream Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9204-032X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verena","family":"Zerbato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), 34125 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Pol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), 34125 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8319-635X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Sanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, 34129 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Alexandru","family":"Suru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Pin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Emergency Service, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), 34125 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Tabolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science, Section of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Monticelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), 34125 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8206-6841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Busetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), 34125 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3930-5920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan Alexandru","family":"Toc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9890-7011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lory Saveria","family":"Croc\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, 34129 Trieste, Italy"},{"name":"Liver Clinic, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), 34125 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5546-0715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Luzzati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, 34129 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6121-7009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Di Bella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, 34129 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Associated with Adult Healthcare-Associated Infections: Summary of Data Reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network, 2015\u20132017","volume":"41","author":"Abner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. 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