{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T17:04:31Z","timestamp":1767373471251,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are hard-to-heal wounds and are prone to microbial colonization. Innovative and improved therapies are thus required to resolve local infection and enhance the wound healing process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of medical-grade honey (MGH) for the treatment of clinically infected and non-healing VLUs. This prospective case series included nine patients with an average age of 83.4 years (range: 75\u201391 years) with a total of eleven VLUs, previously ineffectively treated with various products. Major risk factors for the appearance of VLUs were chronic venous insufficiency, advanced age, multiple comorbidities (particularly cardiovascular diseases), and impaired mobility. All wounds presented with local signs of infection. Upon presentation, treatment was commenced with a range of MGH-based products (L-Mesitran\u00ae). Clinical signs of infection were eliminated by MGH after 2.2 weeks on average (range: 1\u20134 weeks), and wounds were completely healed after 7 weeks on average (range: 3\u201318 weeks). No further complications or recurrences were observed. MGH has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and promotes rapid healing, thus improving patients\u2019 quality of life. Moreover, MGH-based products are safe, easy to use, cost-effective, and can effectively treat VLUs alone or in combination with standard-of-care therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13070614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T11:33:53Z","timestamp":1719920033000},"page":"614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Treating Infected Non-Healing Venous Leg Ulcers with Medical-Grade Honey: A Prospective Case Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Georgios E.","family":"Papanikolaou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GP Plastic Surgery Private Practice, 45444 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Gousios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PharmaLife, 45444 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4042-8987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels A. J.","family":"Cremers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Triticum Exploitatie BV, Sleperweg 44, 6222NK Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3657-9441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linsey J. F.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Triticum Exploitatie BV, Sleperweg 44, 6222NK Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Key concepts in healing venous leg ulcers","volume":"35","author":"Bohn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Wounds"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raffetto, J.D., Ligi, D., Maniscalco, R., Khalil, R.A., and Mannello, F. (2020). Why Venous Leg Ulcers Have Difficulty Healing: Overview on Pathophysiology, Clinical Consequences, and Treatment. J. Clin. 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