{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:46:11Z","timestamp":1777934771459,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Iran University of Medical sciences","award":["IR.IUMS.1400.22127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IR.IUMS.1400.22127"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Candida species, typically part of the human skin and mucous membrane flora, can cause opportunistic fungal infections, notably urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are on the rise among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The lack of understanding of UTIs in this population, coupled with the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, poses significant challenges for effective treatment and further investigations. In this study, urine samples were collected from 70 COVID-19 patients with UTIs in sterile containers for microbiology examination. After microscopic observation, the isolates were identified both by phenotypic and molecular techniques such as multiplex PCR. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) against fluconazole (Flu), itraconazole (Itr), and amphotericin B (AMB) was performed according to CLSI M27\/S4 standard methods, with the frequency of isolates including Candida albicans (n = 20, 51.3%), Candida tropicalis (n = 15, 38.4%), Nakaseomyces glabrata (previously Candida glabrata) (n = 2, 5.1%), Pichia kudriavzevii (previously Candida krusei), and Candida parapsilosis (n = 1, 2.5%). All isolates of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis were sensitive to amphotericin B, while C. kruzei was resistant to AMB. Around 70% of C. albicans isolates were sensitive to Flu; 20% of C. tropicalis were resistant to itraconazole, while 33% were resistant to fluconazole. C. albicans and C. tropicalis were the main causes of candiduria in infected cases and both Flu and AMB showed good results in AFST in these species. Performing drug susceptibility testing for clinical isolates of Candida spp. provided guidance for appropriate management and control, and timely antifungal treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13070633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T11:30:02Z","timestamp":1720438202000},"page":"633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Iran: Candida Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zeinab Soleimani","family":"Shiyadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shirin","family":"Farahyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran"},{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology Research Center (MBiRC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laleh","family":"Vahedi Larijani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48175-866, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1978-1559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Beardsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Hospital, NSW Health, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noura","family":"Nouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115111, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0421-8659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahram","family":"Mahmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahla","family":"Roudbar Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115111, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8633-2230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9lia Fortuna","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences\u2014CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Roudbary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran"},{"name":"Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Hospital, NSW Health, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-016-2658-0","article-title":"Invasive candidiasis: From mycobiome to infection, therapy, and prevention","volume":"35","author":"Lagunes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. 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