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Over the last twenty years, AF has also been repurposed as antiviral, antitumor, and antibacterial drug. In this review we focused on the antibacterial properties of AF, specifically researching the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of AF in both mono- and diderm bacteria reported so far in literature. AF proves to be highly effective against monoderm bacteria, while diderm are far less susceptible, probably due to the outer membrane barrier. We also reported the current mechanistic hypotheses concerning the antimicrobial properties of AF, although a conclusive description of its antibacterial mode of action is not yet available. Even if its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated yet and further studies are required to optimize its delivery strategy, AF deserves additional investigation because of its unique mode of action and high efficacy against a wide range of pathogens, which could lead to potential applications in fighting antimicrobial resistance and improving therapeutic outcomes in infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13070652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T15:17:06Z","timestamp":1721056626000},"page":"652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Many Lives of Auranofin: How an Old Anti-Rheumatic Agent May Become a Promising Antimicrobial Drug"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2854-1028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Coscione","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2228-6607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Zineddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cUgo Schiff\u201d, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4648-9478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Vitali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cUgo Schiff\u201d, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9291-5467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Fondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9490-8014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Messori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cUgo Schiff\u201d, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5148-3178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Perrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-019-00210-7","article-title":"The Leading Established Metal-Based Drugs: A Revisitation of Their Relevant Physico-Chemical Data","volume":"32","author":"Cirri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2023.215323","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of the Gold Drug Auranofin","volume":"493","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Coord. 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