{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T22:17:03Z","timestamp":1786486623123,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81903449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81903449"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2019GSF108051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GSF108051"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022KJ111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KJ111"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LCUGYTD2022-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LCUGYTD2022-04"]}]},{"name":"Major Project of Research and development of Shandong Province","award":["81903449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81903449"]}]},{"name":"Major Project of Research and development of Shandong Province","award":["2019GSF108051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GSF108051"]}]},{"name":"Major Project of Research and development of Shandong Province","award":["2022KJ111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KJ111"]}]},{"name":"Major Project of Research and development of Shandong Province","award":["LCUGYTD2022-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LCUGYTD2022-04"]}]},{"name":"\u201cYouth Innovation Team Plan\u201d of Shandong Province Higher Education","award":["81903449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81903449"]}]},{"name":"\u201cYouth Innovation Team Plan\u201d of Shandong Province Higher Education","award":["2019GSF108051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GSF108051"]}]},{"name":"\u201cYouth Innovation Team Plan\u201d of Shandong Province Higher Education","award":["2022KJ111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KJ111"]}]},{"name":"\u201cYouth Innovation Team Plan\u201d of Shandong Province Higher Education","award":["LCUGYTD2022-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LCUGYTD2022-04"]}]},{"name":"\u201cGuangyue Young Scholar Innovation Team\u201d of Liaocheng University","award":["81903449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81903449"]}]},{"name":"\u201cGuangyue Young Scholar Innovation Team\u201d of Liaocheng University","award":["2019GSF108051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GSF108051"]}]},{"name":"\u201cGuangyue Young Scholar Innovation Team\u201d of Liaocheng University","award":["2022KJ111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KJ111"]}]},{"name":"\u201cGuangyue Young Scholar Innovation Team\u201d of Liaocheng University","award":["LCUGYTD2022-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LCUGYTD2022-04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens have emerged as a serious threat to public health. To develop new antibacterial agents to combat such drug-resistant bacteria, a class of novel amphiphilic xanthoangelol-derived compounds were designed and synthesized by mimicking the structure and function of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Among them, compound 9h displayed excellent antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive strains tested (MICs = 0.5\u20132 \u03bcg\/mL), comparable to vancomycin, and with low hemolytic toxicity and good membrane selectivity. Additionally, compound 9h demonstrated rapid bactericidal effects, low resistance frequency, low cytotoxicity, and good plasma stability. Mechanistic studies further revealed that compound 9h had good membrane-targeting ability and was able to destroy the integrity of bacterial cell membranes, causing an increase in intracellular ROS and the leakage of DNA and proteins, thus accelerating bacterial death. These results make 9h a promising antimicrobial candidate to combat bacterial infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13080744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T15:04:24Z","timestamp":1723129464000},"page":"744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Development of Xanthoangelol-Derived Compounds with Membrane-Disrupting Effects against Gram-Positive Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Siyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Macromolecule Drugs and Large-Scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangquan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Macromolecule Drugs and Large-Scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Macromolecule Drugs and Large-Scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Macromolecule Drugs and Large-Scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Macromolecule Drugs and Large-Scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuekun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Macromolecule Drugs and Large-Scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinhu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Macromolecule Drugs and Large-Scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-021-02442-8","article-title":"Antibiotic Resistance Crisis: An Update on Antagonistic Interactions between Probiotics and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)","volume":"78","author":"Nataraj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14440","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201804971","article-title":"Thinking Outside the Box-Novel Antibacterials To Tackle the Resistance Crisis","volume":"57","author":"Lakemeyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. (Int. Ed. Engl.)"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabo7793","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abo7793","article-title":"The past, present, and future of antibiotics","volume":"14","author":"Cook","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.056","article-title":"The Science of Antibiotic Discovery","volume":"181","author":"Lewis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02095-19","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02095-19","article-title":"Antibiotics: Combatting Tolerance To Stop Resistance","volume":"10","author":"Windels","year":"2019","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aggarwal, R., Mahajan, P., Pandiya, S., Bajaj, A., Verma, S.K., Yadav, P., Kharat, A.S., Khan, A.U., Dua, M., and Johri, A.K. (2024). Antibiotic resistance: A global crisis, problems and solutions. Crit. Rev. Microbiol., 1\u201326.","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2024.2313024"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0293-3","article-title":"Antibiotic development\u2014Economic, regulatory and societal challenges","volume":"18","author":"Balasegaram","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2019.1599813","article-title":"Antibiotic adjuvants: An alternative approach to overcome multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"45","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mulani, M.S., Kamble, E.E., Kumkar, S.N., Tawre, M.S., and Pardesi, K.R. (2019). Emerging Strategies to Combat ESKAPE Pathogens in the Era of Antimicrobial Resistance: A Review. Front. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00539"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-7572-8_5","article-title":"Potential Treatment Options in a Post-antibiotic Era","volume":"1052","author":"Bragg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00820-y","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance revisited","volume":"21","author":"Darby","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"3919","article-title":"The antimicrobial peptides and their potential clinical applications","volume":"11","author":"Lei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"48","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides: Mechanism of action, activity and clinical potential","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mil. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C.H., and Lu, T.K. (2020). Development and Challenges of Antimicrobial Peptides for Therapeutic Applications. Antibiotics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9010024"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Browne, K., Chakraborty, S., Chen, R., Willcox, M.D., Black, D.S., Walsh, W.R., and Kumar, N. (2020). A New Era of Antibiotics: The Clinical Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197047"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huan, Y., Kong, Q., Mou, H., and Yi, H. (2020). Antimicrobial Peptides: Classification, Design, Application and Research Progress in Multiple Fields. Front. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.582779"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2019.04.012","article-title":"The Vast Structural Diversity of Antimicrobial Peptides","volume":"40","author":"Koehbach","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2020.1796576","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic agents: Opportunities and challenges","volume":"40","author":"Mahlapuu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moretta, A., Scieuzo, C., Petrone, A.M., Salvia, R., Manniello, M.D., Franco, A., Lucchetti, D., Vassallo, A., Vogel, H., and Sgambato, A. (2021). Antimicrobial Peptides: A New Hope in Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Fields. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.668632"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rima, M., Rima, M., Fajloun, Z., Sabatier, J.M., Bechinger, B., and Naas, T. (2021). Antimicrobial Peptides: A Potent Alternative to Antibiotics. Antibiotics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10091095"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21542","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides: Promising alternatives in the post feeding antibiotic era","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2018.10.103","article-title":"Membrane targeting cationic antimicrobial peptides","volume":"537","author":"Ciumac","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.12.016","article-title":"Recent advances in design of antimicrobial peptides and polypeptides toward clinical translation","volume":"170","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2021.1892072","article-title":"Future prospects for Antimicrobial peptide development: Peptidomimetics and antimicrobial combinations","volume":"16","author":"Sierra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.0c00550","article-title":"De Novo Design of Flavonoid-Based Mimetics of Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides: Discovery, Development, and Applications","volume":"54","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9894","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.1c00312","article-title":"Modular Design of Membrane-Active Antibiotics: From Macromolecular Antimicrobials to Small Scorpionlike Peptidomimetics","volume":"64","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2021.113813","article-title":"Synthesis and biological evaluation of indole-based peptidomimetics as antibacterial agents against Gram-positive bacteria","volume":"226","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1021\/ar700270t","article-title":"Ceragenins: Cholic acid-based mimics of antimicrobial peptides","volume":"41","author":"Lai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5786","DOI":"10.1021\/jm200450h","article-title":"A synthetic antimicrobial peptidomimetic (LTX 109): Stereochemical impact on membrane disruption","volume":"54","author":"Isaksson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2008.10.013","article-title":"De novo designed synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides","volume":"19","author":"Scott","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2022.114885","article-title":"Antibacterial efficacy evaluation and mechanism probe of small lysine chalcone peptide mimics","volume":"244","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11256","article-title":"Antitumor and antimetastatic activities of Angelica keiskei roots, part 1: Isolation of an active substance, xanthoangelol","volume":"106","author":"Kimura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"759","article-title":"Antitumor and antimetastatic actions of xanthoangelol and 4-hydroxyderricin isolated from Angelica keiskei roots through the inhibited activation and differentiation of M2 macrophages","volume":"22","author":"Sumiyoshi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytomed. Int. J. Phytother. Phytopharm."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.187","article-title":"Xanthoangelols isolated from Angelica keiskei inhibit inflammatory-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) production","volume":"37","author":"Ohkura","year":"2011","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1021\/jf404175t","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of 4-hydroxyderricin and xanthoangelol on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264 macrophages","volume":"62","author":"Yasuda","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.39.1604","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of two chalcones, xanthoangelol and 4-hydroxyderricin, isolated from the root of Angelica keiskei KOIDZUMI","volume":"39","author":"Inamori","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0590-5223","article-title":"Integration of Biochemometrics and Molecular Networking to Identify Antimicrobials in Angelica keiskei","volume":"84","author":"Caesar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meier, D., Hern\u00e1ndez, M.V., van Geelen, L., Muharini, R., Proksch, P., Bandow, J.E., and Kalscheuer, R. (2019). The plant-derived chalcone Xanthoangelol targets the membrane of Gram-positive bacteria. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 27.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.115151"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1199","article-title":"Antimicrobial polymers as synthetic mimics of host-defense peptides","volume":"5","author":"Kuroda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-010-2687-z","article-title":"Structural determinants of antimicrobial activity in polymers which mimic host defense peptides","volume":"87","author":"Palermo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1021\/bm400697u","article-title":"A library of multifunctional polyesters with \u201cpeptide-like\u201d pendant functional groups","volume":"14","author":"Gokhale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1021\/ar900036b","article-title":"De novo design of antimicrobial polymers, foldamers, and small molecules: From discovery to practical applications","volume":"43","author":"Tew","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7756","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.2c01583","article-title":"Development of Aromatic-Linked Diamino Acid Antimicrobial Peptide Mimics with Low Hemolytic Toxicity and Excellent Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)","volume":"66","author":"Kong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16879","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.2c01674","article-title":"Membrane-Targeting Neolignan-Antimicrobial Peptide Mimic Conjugates to Combat Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infections","volume":"65","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.2c01793","article-title":"Discovery of Amphiphilic Xanthohumol Derivatives as Membrane-Targeting Antimicrobials against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"66","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16754","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.2c01604","article-title":"Membrane-Active Nonivamide Derivatives as Effective Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobials: Rational Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation","volume":"65","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5603","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c02059","article-title":"Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Membrane-Active Bakuchiol Derivatives as Effective Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Agents","volume":"64","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4574","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07072-6","article-title":"Structural insights into the \u03c0-\u03c0-\u03c0 stacking mechanism and DNA-binding activity of the YEATS domain","volume":"9","author":"Klein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3109\/10520299509108199","article-title":"DAPI: A DNA-specific fluorescent probe","volume":"70","author":"Kapuscinski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biotech. Histochem. Off. Publ. Biol. Stain Comm."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9284","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c00433","article-title":"Development of Highly Potent Carbazole Amphiphiles as Membrane-Targeting Antimicrobials for Treating Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections","volume":"63","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9302","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.4c00436","article-title":"Development of Membrane-Targeting Fluorescent 2-Phenyl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole-Antimicrobial Peptide Mimic Conjugates against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"67","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00591-z","article-title":"Guidelines for measuring reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage in cells and in vivo","volume":"4","author":"Murphy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.6.2474-2478.2005","article-title":"Mechanisms of antibacterial action of three monoterpenes","volume":"49","author":"Trombetta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, C., Cui, P., and Liu, X. (2023). Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Madecassic Acid against Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28041895"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Li, C., Shi, C., Aliakbarlu, J., Cui, H., and Lin, L. (2022). Antibacterial mechanisms of clove essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus and its application in pork. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 380.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109864"}],"container-title":["Antibiotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/13\/8\/744\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:31:46Z","timestamp":1760110306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/13\/8\/744"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["antibiotics13080744"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics13080744","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]}}}