{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:33:59Z","timestamp":1790796839117,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Texas Tech University Presidential Research Excellence Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multidrug-resistant bacteria present a significant public health challenge; such pathogens exhibit reduced susceptibility to conventional antibiotics, limiting current treatment options. Cationic non-ribosomal peptides (CNRPs) such as brevicidine and polymyxins have emerged as promising candidates to block Gram-negative bacteria. To investigate the capability of bacteria to biosynthesize CNRPs, and specifically polymyxins, over 11,000 bacterial genomes were mined in silico. Paenibacillus polymyxa was identified as having a robust biosynthetic capacity, based on multiple polymyxin gene clusters. P. polymyxa biosynthetic competence was confirmed by metabolite characterization via HPLC purification and MALDI TOF\/TOF analysis. When grown in a selected medium, the metabolite yield was 4 mg\/L with a 20-fold specific activity increase. Polymyxin B (PMB) was assayed with select nosocomial pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Acinetobacter baumaii, which exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations of 4, 1, and 1 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13080745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T15:04:24Z","timestamp":1723129464000},"page":"745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Nosocomial Bacteria Inhibition with Polymyxin B: In Silico Gene Mining and In Vitro Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8059-2629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jayendra","family":"Chunduru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7403-2389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"LaRoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Garza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7193-7827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul N.","family":"Hamood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1644-723X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul W.","family":"Par\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1039\/b111145k","article-title":"Nonribosomal peptides: From genes to products","volume":"20","author":"Schwarzer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. 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