{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:31:13Z","timestamp":1787027473910,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Special Project of the China-APEC Cooperation Fund Project","award":["OFWG 03 2021S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OFWG 03 2021S"]}]},{"name":"the Special Project of the China-APEC Cooperation Fund Project","award":["Guike AB22080099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Guike AB22080099"]}]},{"name":"the Special Project of the China-APEC Cooperation Fund Project","award":["GUIKE AD20297065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GUIKE AD20297065"]}]},{"name":"the Special Project of the China-APEC Cooperation Fund Project","award":["U20A20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20A20103"]}]},{"name":"the Special Project of the China-APEC Cooperation Fund Project","award":["202003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202003"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Program of Guangxi","award":["OFWG 03 2021S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OFWG 03 2021S"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Program of Guangxi","award":["Guike AB22080099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Guike AB22080099"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Program of Guangxi","award":["GUIKE AD20297065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GUIKE AD20297065"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Program of Guangxi","award":["U20A20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20A20103"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Program of Guangxi","award":["202003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202003"]}]},{"name":"the Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent","award":["OFWG 03 2021S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OFWG 03 2021S"]}]},{"name":"the Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent","award":["Guike AB22080099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Guike AB22080099"]}]},{"name":"the Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent","award":["GUIKE AD20297065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GUIKE AD20297065"]}]},{"name":"the Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent","award":["U20A20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20A20103"]}]},{"name":"the Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent","award":["202003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202003"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["OFWG 03 2021S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OFWG 03 2021S"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["Guike AB22080099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Guike AB22080099"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["GUIKE AD20297065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GUIKE AD20297065"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["U20A20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20A20103"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["202003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202003"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Fund of the Fourth Institute of Oceanography","award":["OFWG 03 2021S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OFWG 03 2021S"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Fund of the Fourth Institute of Oceanography","award":["Guike AB22080099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Guike AB22080099"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Fund of the Fourth Institute of Oceanography","award":["GUIKE AD20297065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GUIKE AD20297065"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Fund of the Fourth Institute of Oceanography","award":["U20A20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20A20103"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Fund of the Fourth Institute of Oceanography","award":["202003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, the widespread application of antibiotics has raised global concerns, posing a severe threat to ecological health. In this study, the occurrence, source, and ecological risks of 39 antibiotics belonging to 5 classes in mangrove sediments from Lianzhou Bay, China, were assessed. The total concentrations of the antibiotics (\u221139 antibiotics) ranged from 65.45 to 202.24 ng\/g dry weight (dw), with an average of 142.73 \u00b1 36.76 ng\/g dw. The concentrations of these five classes of antibiotics were as follows: Sulfonamides (SAs) &gt; Tetracyclines (TCs) &gt; Fluoroquinolones (QUs) &gt; Penicillin (PCs) &gt; Macrolides (MLs). The spatial distribution of antibiotics varied as high tidal zone &gt; middle tidal zone &gt; low tidal zone. The total organic carbon (TOC), pH, nitrate (NO3\u2212-N), and nitrite (NO2\u2212-N) of the sediment significantly influenced the distribution of antibiotics (p &lt; 0.05). A source analysis identified untreated sewage from aquaculture as the primary source of antibiotics in the local mangrove. A risk assessment revealed that ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin of QUs, and tetracycline of TCs exhibited medium risks to algae in certain sampling sites, while other antibiotics exhibited low or no risks to all organisms. Nevertheless, the total risk of all the detected antibiotics to algae was medium in 95% of the sites. The overall ecological risk level of antibiotics in the middle tidal zone was slightly lower than in the high tidal zone and the lowest in the low tidal zone. In summary, the experimental results provided insights into the fate and transport behaviors of antibiotics in mangrove sediments from Lianzhou Bay.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13090820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T11:54:10Z","timestamp":1724846050000},"page":"820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Occurrence, Source Apportionment, and Risk Assessment of Antibiotics in Mangrove Sediments from the Lianzhou Bay, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Beibu Gulf Key Laboratory of Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China"},{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongyu","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Beibu Gulf Key Laboratory of Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuhao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Beibu Gulf Key Laboratory of Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tinglong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Beibu Gulf Key Laboratory of Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1648-0366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shalini","family":"Thevarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Beibu Gulf Key Laboratory of Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China"},{"name":"Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Beibu Gulf Key Laboratory of Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150439","article-title":"Occurrence, source apportionment and risk assessment of antibiotics in water and sediment from the subtropical Beibu Gulf, South China","volume":"806","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. 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