{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T03:39:04Z","timestamp":1769917144583,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013209","name":"Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013209","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Extended-spectrum-\u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales and Acinetobacter spp. pose significant challenges as nosocomial pathogens, demonstrating resistance against various antimicrobials. Their presence in food suggests that hospital kitchens could serve as antibiotic resistance reservoirs leading to patients\u2019 infection. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of \u03b2-lactam-resistant strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter spp. isolated from the kitchen environment and from the staff of two Greek hospitals. Methods: Strains were recovered after selective isolation with \u03b2-lactams and were identified with MALDI\u2013TOF MS. Antimicrobial susceptibility and presence of common \u03b2-lactamase genes were evaluated. Protein profiles were examined to analyze potential relationships of the strain with those from hospital patients. E. coli strains were further categorized into phylogenetic groups. Results: The overall prevalence in the kitchen environment was 4.5%, 1.5%, and 15.0% for E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter spp., respectively, whereas the prevalence of Acinetobacter spp. in human skin was 4.0%. Almost all strains were multidrug-resistant. All E. coli strains were ESBL producers and belonged to phylogroups A and B1. All K. pneumoniae and seven Acinetobacter strains were carbapenemase-producers. A protein profile analysis showed relatedness between chicken and kitchen environment strains, as well as between kitchen environment and patient strains originated either from the same or from different hospitals. Conclusions: The results suggest that hospital kitchens may act as important pathogen hotspots contributing to the circulation of resistant strains in the hospital environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13100934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T03:57:08Z","timestamp":1727841428000},"page":"934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence, Characterization, and Epidemiological Relationships between ESBL and Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter spp. Isolated from Humans and the Kitchen Environment of Two Greek Hospitals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9889-6268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anestis","family":"Tsitsos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Food Products Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1478-6369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandros","family":"Damianos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Food Products Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Boutel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4471-8594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiota","family":"Gousia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Analytical and Research Laboratories of Thessaloniki, Hellenic Food Authority, 57001 Thermi, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Soultos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Food Products Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6643-3322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Papa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilias","family":"Tirodimos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9175-0952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vangelis","family":"Economou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Food Products Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aljeldah, M.M. 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